B2: Cells Flashcards
Define cell membrane?
Controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell
Define cell wall?
Gives plant cells, rigidity and strength
Define cytoplasm
Contains the cell organelles in which the chemical reactions occur. This provides energy and chemicals for cellular function.
Define chloroplast?
It contains chlorophyll to capture solar energy and convert CO2 and H2O into glucose.
Define nucleus?
It regulates all cell activity it contains chromosomes, structures made of genetic information that directs a cells growth and reproduction
Define vacuole?
It gives the plant cell rigidity as water pushes up against the membrane. It can also act as a store, for such thing as a water and sugar.
What are the functions of ciliated cells?
Movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi
What are the functions of root hair cells?
Absorption
What are the functions of palisade mesophyll cells?
Photosynthesis
What are the functions of red blood cells?
Transport of oxygen
What are the functions of sperm and egg cells?
Reproduction 
What is the structure of red blood cells?
They are flat biconcave cells which present a large surface area for the absorption of oxygen. They have no nucleus to make more space for oxygen and its transportation around the body.
What is the structure of root hair cells?
They are long, thin cells which have a large surface area to maximise the absorption of water and ions from the soil
What is the cell structure of palisade cells?
Palisade cells have a large number of chloroplast as their function is the photosynthesise
What are the cell structure of ciliated cells?
Cilia a tiny hair-like structures on the surface of the cell. the hairs sweep hair, mucus, trapped dust and bacteria up to the back of the throat where can we swallow
Define diffusion?
The net movement of molecules and ions from a region of their higher concentration to an area of their low concentration down a concentration gradient as a result of their random movement
Define osmosis?
The net movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a partially permeable membrane
What is hypotonic solution?
A hypotonic solution is one that has a higher water potential and a lower solute concentration compared with its surroundings
What is hypertonic solution?
A hypertonic solution is one that has a lower water potential and a higher solute concentration compared with surroundings
What is an isotonic solution?
An isotonic solution has equal water potential and solute concentration compared with its surroundings.
