B2 - Cell division Flashcards
Active transport
The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution (against a concentration gradient) with the uses of energy from respiration
Adult stem cell
A type of stem cell that can form many types of cells
Agar jelly
A substance placed in Petri dishes which is used to culture microorganisms on
Cell differentiation
The process where a cell becomes specialised to its function is
Cell membrane
A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell
Cell wall
An outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cells
Chloroplasts
An organelle which is the site of photosynthesis
Chromosomes
DNA structures that are found in the nucleus which are made up of genes
Concentration gradient
The difference in concentration between two areas
Diffusion
The net movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration across a concentration gradient
Embryonic stem cell
A type of stem cell that can differentiate into most types of human cells
Eukaryotic cell
A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus
Magnification
How much bigger an image appears compared to the original subject
Meristematic cells
A type of stem cell that differentiate into any type of plant cell
Mitochondria
An organelle which is the site of respiration
Mitosis
A type of cell Davison which produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell
Nucleus
An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell
Organelle
A specialised structure found inside a cell
Osmosis
The net movement of water particles form a higher concentration gradient to a lower concentration gradient across a concentration gradient
Plasmid
Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic
Resolution
The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen
Specialised cells
Cells that are adapted to perform a specific function
Stem cell
An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialised cell as of the same type
Surface area
The amount of contact an object has with its environment
SA:V
The size of the object compared with the amount of area where it contacts its environment
The cell cycle
A series of stages preparing the cell for division
Therapeutic cloning
Producing an embryo that has the same genes as a patient
Vacuole
An organelle that stores cell sap
