B11 - Hormonal coordination Flashcards
Adrenaline
A hormone by the adrenal glans that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles and increases the rate and depth of breathing to prepare the body for the ‘fright, flight or fight’ response.
Contraception
The intentional avoidance of pregnancy by methods that do not normally hinder sexual activity, e.g. contraceptive pill.
Diabetes type 1
A disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin. It is characterised by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels and is normally treated with regular insulin injections. Usually found in children and young adults.
Diabetes type 2
Where the body no longer responds to insulin produced by the pancreas. A carbohydrate - controlled diet and an exercise regime are common treatments.
FSH
A female hormone that stimulates the eggs to mature in the ovaries, and the ovaries to produce hormones, including ostrogen.
Glucagon
A hormone involved in the control of blood sugar levels.
Glycogen
Carbohydrate store in animals, including the muscles, liver and brain of the human body.
Hormones
A substance that is manufactures and secreted in very small quantities into the bloodstream by a gland and regulates the growth or functioning of a specific tissue or organ in a distant part of the body.
Insulin
A hormone involved in the control of blood sugar levels.
IVF
The process where mature eggs are removed from the female, fertilised externally and replaced.
LH
A hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, which stimulates ovulation in the female.
Menstrual cycle
The reproductive cycle in women controlled by hormones.
Negative feedback
The process in which any alteration from the normal level sets in motion changes which lead to a return to the original value.
Oestrogen
Female sex hormone which stimulates the lining of the womb to build up in preparation for a pregnancy.
Ovulation
The release of s mature egg from the ovary in the middle of the menstrual cycle.
Pancreas
An organ that produces the hormone insulin and many digestive enzymes.
Pituitary gland
Small gland in the brain which produces a range of hormones controlling body functions.
Progesterone
Female sex hormone used in the contraceptive pill.
Sterilisation
The operation of making a human or animal incapable of producing offspring.
Testosterone
The main male sex hormone.
Thyroxine
The main hormone secreted by the thyroid gland.
Uterus
The organ of the female mammal in which the embryo develops.
