B13 - Reproduction Flashcards
Asexual reproduction
Reproduction that involves only one individual with no fusing of gametes to produce the offspring. The offspring are identical to the parent.
Allele
A version of a particular gene
Chromosomes
Thread-like structure carrying the genetic information found in the nucleus of a cell.
Cystic fibrosis
A genetic disease that affects the lugs, digestive and reproductive systems. It is inherited through a recessive allele.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid - the material of inheritance.
Dominant
The characteristic that will show up in the offspring even if only one of the alleles is inherited.
Fusion
The combing together of cells, nuclei, or cytoplasm.
Gametes
Sex cell which has half the chromosome number of an ordinary cell.
Gene
A short section of DNA carrying genetic information.
Heterozygous
Where the two alleles of a specific gene are different versions of the gene.
Homozygous
Where the two alleles of a specific gene are exactly the same version of the gene.
Human genome
All the genes that exist in the chromosomes of a single cell of a human.
Meiosis
A type of cell division that gives rise to four reproductive cells (gametes) each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
Mitosis
The division of a cell to form two daughter cells each having a nucleus containing the same number and kind of chromosomes as the mother cell.
Phenotype
The observable characteristics of an organism.
Polydactyly
The condition of having more than the normal number of fingers or toes.
Recessive
The allele that is not expressed in the phenotype when two different alleles are present in the cells of an organisms.
Ribosomes
A small spherical body within the cell that is the site of protein synthesis.
