B1.6 Nervous System and Hormones - The Excretory system and osmoregulation

Question 1

Osmotic changes

Answer 1

Changes in the levels of water and concentration of solutes in the body that can lead to adverse effects if not regulated

Question 2

Urination

Answer 2

The removal of excess water, ions and urea from the body via the kidneys

Question 3

Urine

Answer 3

Mixture of water, urea and excess minerals that is filtered from the blood by the kidneys and excreted

Question 4

Kidneys

Answer 4

A pair of organs in the urinary system that filter molecules in the blood and remove excess or waste products to form urine

Question 5

Water balance

Answer 5

The regulation of water levels in blood and body fluids so that cells and molecules in the body can function correctly

Question 6

Effect of osmotic changes in cells

Answer 6

Complications can occur regarding diffusion and osmosis or cells can burst or shrivel in extreme cases

Question 7

Exhalation

Answer 7

Water from respiration can leave the body via the lungs when exhaling air

Question 8

Sweating

Answer 8

Water, ions and urea are lost from the skin in sweat

Question 9

Difficulties regarding water balance

Answer 9

There is no control over water, ion or urea loss by the lungs or skin

Question 10

Excretion

Answer 10

The removal from the body of the waste products of metabolism

Question 11

Filtration

Answer 11

The separation of specific substances such as urea, water and minerals which are filtered from the blood by the kidneys

Question 12

Selective reabsorption

Answer 12

The kidneys reabsorb key molecules such as glucose and some ions and water depending on how concentrated the blood is

Question 13

How kidneys contribute to balancing water levels

Answer 13

Kidneys control the concentration of urine that is excreted and can change the levels of water that is filtered, so that water levels are maintained

Question 14

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 14

Released by the pituitary gland in the brain, causes the kidney to reabsorb more water and so reduces the volume of urine production when blood levels are concentrated, results in a reduced volume of urine

Question 15

Inhibition of ADH

Answer 15

If a lot of water is in the blood, the pituitary gland does not release ADH so the kidneys filter more water from the blood, resulting in dilute urine

Question 16

Cortex

Answer 16

The outer portion of the kidney, contains large numbers of capillaries and blood-filtering components

Question 17

Medulla

Answer 17

The inner portion of the kidney, composed of collecting ducts that transport urine from the nephrons

Question 18

Renal pelvis

Answer 18

The funnel-shaped reservoir of the kidney that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

Question 19

Ureter

Answer 19

A tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 20

Bladder

Answer 20

Where urine is stored after it is filtered by the kidneys into the ureter, before it is removed from the body

Question 21

Urethra

Answer 21

The tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body, where urine is directed to leave the body

Question 22

Renal artery

Answer 22

The blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

Question 23

Renal vein

Answer 23

The blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart