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Biology Unit 1 > B1.5 The respiratory system, breathing and respiration - Respiration > Flashcards

B1.5 The respiratory system, breathing and respiration - Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules

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2
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

A reaction that releases energy to its surroundings, usually in the form of heat

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3
Q

Purpose of respiration

A

Releases energy in all cells that organisms can use for heat, movement, growth, reproduction and active uptake/transport

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4
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Cell respiration which happens in the presence of oxygen in the mitochondria of the cell

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5
Q

Word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

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6
Q

Balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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7
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Cell respiration which happens in the absence of oxygen

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8
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose -> lactic acid (+energy)

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9
Q

Lactic acid

A

A toxic waste product that is produced during anaerobic respiration in humans and can cause muscle fatigue

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10
Q

Incomplete oxidation

A

Occurs during anaerobic respiration causing a build up of lactic acid in the muscles

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11
Q

Fermentation

A

Anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells which produces ethanol and carbon dioxide

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12
Q

Word equation for fermentation

A

Glucose -> carbon dioxide + ethanol (+energy)

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13
Q

Uses of fermentation

A

The manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks

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14
Q

Liver

A

Receives blood from the muscles with lactic acid and converts the lactic acid back into glucose

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15
Q

Oxygen debt

A

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid

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16
Q

Effect of exercise

A

Increased heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume to supply the muscles with more oxygen

17
Q

Organisms need energy for

A

Movement, keeping warm and chemical reactions to make larger molecules

18
Q

Glucose (C6H12O6)

A

The main reactant of respiration that is obtained from the digestion of carbohydrates

19
Q

Oxygen (O2)

A

A molecule that is essential for the complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration

20
Q

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

A waste product of respiration that is removed from cells and the body via gas exchange

21
Q

Water (H2O)

A

A byproduct of respiration that is either used or removed from the body typically during exhalation or urination

Biology Unit 1 (24 decks)

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