B1.5 The respiratory system, breathing and respiration - exercise and breathing Flashcards
Gaseous exchange
The process where oxygen is taken in and exchanged for carbon dioxide which is a waste product of respiration
Oxygen
A gas that is needed for aerobic respiration to release energy, oxygen is transported into the body by the respiratory system and around the body by the circulatory system
Carbon dioxide
A waste product of respiration that needs to be removed from cells via the blood and removed from the body via the respiratory system
Ventilation
The movement of air in and out of the lungs in response to muscular action that changes the volume and internal pressure of the thorax or chest, needed to efficiently regulate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Percentage composition of inspired air
21% Oxygen, 0.04% Carbon Dioxide, 78% Nitrogen, percentage of water vapour varies
Percentage composition of exhaled air
16% Oxygen, 4% Carbon Dioxide, 78% Nitrogen, saturated with water vapour
Exercise
Planned, structured, repetitive movement intended to improve or maintain physical fitness
Respiration
The process by which cells break down glucose, in order to release energy
Aerobic respiration
Respiration that requires inhaled oxygen, an efficient process that releases a lot of energy
Uses of energy from respiration
Muscular contraction and movement, synthesis of new molecules, metabolic processes
Muscle cells during exercise
Require significantly more energy from respiration
Effect of exercise on cells
Cells need more oxygen and will produce more carbon dioxide as a result of increased respiration
Demand on lungs during exercise
When blood reaches the lungs, a larger volume of air is needed to replace the oxygen used and remove the carbon dioxide produced by this extra respiration
Increased breathing rate
In order to supply more oxygen to the exercising cells, the body increases the rate and depth of breathing
Recovery time
The time taken for the breathing rate to return to normal, following exercise
