B1.6 Nervous System and Hormones - Hormones and diabetes Flashcards
Hormones
Chemical messengers that are carried by the blood, control many body functions
Blood glucose
The level of glucose in the blood
Pancreas
The organ that monitors blood glucose concentration and produces insulin
Insulin
Hormone produced by the pancreas which lowers blood sugar
Glucose
Glucose
Glycogen
A carbohydrate that acts as an energy and glucose store in animals
Glycogen production
Insulin can reduce blood sugar levels by converting glucose into glycogen molecules that are stored in the liver
Increased glucose uptake by cells
Insulin can reduce blood sugar levels by unlocking more cells to receive glucose for respiration
Type 1 diabetes
A disorder where the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin
Type 2 diabetes
A disorder where body cells no longer respond to insulin
Insulin injections
How type 1 diabetes is treated
Carbohydrate controlled diet and exercise
How type 2 diabetes is treated
Uncontrolled high glucose levels
A symptom of diabetes, this can have detrimental effects on the body if not managed
Liver and muscle cells
Where glycogen is converted and stored
Obesity
A risk factor for type 2 diabetes
Pancreatic transplant
A potential method used to treat diabetes by changing the pancreatic tissue
Rising levels of diabetes in humanity
Due to increased access to food associated with type 2 diabetes such as carbohydrates and lipids, so improved medical technology means more individuals with type 1 diabetes are surviving and can pass on their genes
Possible long-term effects of diabetes
Eye damage, kidney failure, heart disease and strokes
