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B1-B3 > B1.2.1 - DNA > Flashcards

B1.2.1 - DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?

A

Floats in the cytoplasm

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2
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A long molecule of DNA

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3
Q

How many chromosomes are there in each of your cells?

A

46

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4
Q

How many chromosomes do chickens have?

A

78

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5
Q

How many chromosomes do you inherit from your parents?

A

Half from each of them

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6
Q

What are the only organisms that share the same DNA?

A

Identical twins / clones

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7
Q

What is DNA arranged in?

A

Small sections

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8
Q

What are the short sections in DNA that code for a characteristic called?

A

Genes

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9
Q

What does a code that a gene contains create?

A

Specific proteins

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10
Q

What do the proteins made from the codes in genes determine?

A

How the cell functions

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11
Q

What binds to oxygen in red blood cells in order for it to be transported around the body?

A

The Protein haemoglobin

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12
Q

What do the genes in an organism control?

A

What an organism looks like and how it functions

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13
Q

What is DNA made of?

A

2 strands

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14
Q

What are the strands in DNA joined by?

A

Bases

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15
Q

What shape do the strands in DNA form when twisted together?

A

Double helix

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16
Q

What are the monomers in DNA?

A

Nucleotides

17
Q

Why is DNA a polymer?

A

It is made up of many monomers

18
Q

What are nucleotides made of?

A

Deoxyribose sugar
Phosphate
Base

19
Q

What are the 4 bases in nucleotides called?

A

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

20
Q

How do the strands of DNA hold together?

A

The bases from each strand bond with the bases on the other strand

21
Q

What is a base pair?

A

A pair of bases joined together, each from a different strand of the same DNA

22
Q

What is complementary base pairing?

A

The process of bases from different strands of the same DNA bonding together to create base pairs. Base pairs will always join together in the same formation which is called complementary base pairing.

23
Q

What does adenine combine with?

A

Thymine

24
Q

What does cytosine combine with?

A

Guanine

25
Q

Define DNA

A

Biological polymer made from nucleotide monomers. Contains all the info needed to make an organism. Sections of DNA are arranged into sections, which are called genes which code for an individual characteristic. This happens as it causes specific proteins to be made, determining the cells function.

B1-B3 (44 decks)

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