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Pro Biology > B11.2(shorter) > Flashcards

B11.2(shorter) Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does the uterus lining build up every month?

A

To support a developing baby

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2
Q

Why does auxins cause plants to grow towards sunlight?

A

In a stem, the shaded side contains more auxin and grows longer, which causes the stem to grow towards the light. The plant does NOT bend towards the light. It grows because the auxin causes the cells to elongate on the shaded side, so this side grows more. This unequal growth of the two sides, results in the growth of the stem towards the light.

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3
Q

Why do hormones last for such a long time?

A

They have an effect until they are broken down

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4
Q

Why can insulin not be taken as a tablet?

A

Normal digestion would destroy it, making it ineffective

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5
Q

Which hormones are produced in the ovaries?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

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6
Q

Which hormones are produced in the male and female reproductive organs?

A

Testosterone and oestrogen

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7
Q

Which gland is located at the base of the neck?

A

Thyroid

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8
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

Glycogen is stored in the liver.

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9
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

Above each kidney

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10
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong disease that keeps your body from using insulin the way it should. People with type 2 diabetes are said to have insulin resistance. This is not a genetic disorder.

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11
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

Type 1 diabetes causes the level of glucose (sugar) in your blood to become too high. It happens when your body cannot produce enough of a hormone called insulin, which controls blood glucose. You need daily injections of insulin to keep your blood glucose levels under control.

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12
Q

What is the source of excess amino acids in the body?

A

Protein in diet

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13
Q

What is the role of the thyroid?

A

To control the metabolic rate of the body

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14
Q

What is the role of the pituitary gland?

A

Controls growth in children
Stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroxine
Stimulates the testes to make sperm
Stimulates the ovaries to produce and release eggs

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15
Q

What is the role of the pancreas in the endocrine system?

A

To control the glucose levels in the blood

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16
Q

What is the role of the adrenal gland?

A

Produces adrenaline needed for the preparation of a flight or fight response

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17
Q

What is the name of the gas involved in fruit ripening?

A

Ethene

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18
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

The endocrine system is a system which consists of glands and organs that make hormones and release them directly into the blood so they can travel to tissues and organs.

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19
Q

What is insulin?

A

Insulin is a hormone - produced by the pancreas - that regulates glucose concentrations in the blood.

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20
Q

What is gravitropism?

A

A growth in response to gravity

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21
Q

What is auxin?

A

A plant hormone which causes the elongation of cells in shoots and is involved in regulating plant growth

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22
Q

What is a hormone?

A

A hormone is a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried in the bloodstream, which alters the activity of specific target organs.

23
Q

What happens during puberty in males?

A
  • Growth spurt
  • Voice breaks
  • Facial hair and underarm hair grows
  • Testes grow and become active
24
Q

What does the male hormone testosterone do?

A

Stimulates sperm production, muscle mass and fat distribution

25
Q

What do auxins do in shoots?

A

Promote elongation of cells

26
Q

What do auxins do in roots?

A

Prevent the elongation of cells

27
Q

What are three uses of gibberellins in agriculture and horticulture?

A

Gibberellins end seed dormancy, encourages flowering and increases fruit size

28
Q

What are three uses of auxins in agriculture and horticulture?

A

Auxins are commonly used in weedkillers, rooting powders and they promote growth in tissue culture.

29
Q

What are spermicides?

A

Chemicals that disable or kill sperm

30
Q

What are hormones and enzymes types of?

A

Proteins

31
Q

What are features that appear during puberty called?

A

Secondary sex characterisitics

32
Q

Types of tropisms

A

Positive phototropism
Negative phototropism
Positive gravitropism
Negative gravitropism

33
Q

Treatment of type 1 diabetes

A

monitoring blood glucose levels and injecting human insulin throughout the day

34
Q

Thyroxine negative feedback loop

A

if thyroxine levels rise,TSH levels fall so thyroxine returns to normal

if thyroxine levels fall, TSH levels rise so thyroxine falls to normal

35
Q

Suggest why it is important that the dialysis fluid has the same concentration of dissolved substances as healthy blood

A

So that useful substances wont be lost from the person’s blood

36
Q

Suggest one factor that might affect the amount of insulin injected by a patient

A
  • How active the person is
37
Q

Name the waste product of deamination

A

Urea

38
Q

Name 2 substances present in dialysis fluid

A
  • Urea
  • Glucose
39
Q

Male reproductive system

A
40
Q

Key endocrine glands

A

Thyroid, pancreas, testes, ovaries and pituitary

41
Q

Is glucagon released by the pancreas when the blood sugar is too high?

A

No, Glucagon causes glycogen to be converted to glucose, which increases blood sugar.

42
Q

In which organ of the body are excess amino acids broken down?

A

Liver

43
Q

How do intrauterine devices work?

A

The IUD releases copper into the womb, making it more difficult for the sperm to reach an egg

44
Q

How can type 1 diabetes be treated apart from using injections of insulin?

A

Transplant a pancreas, this is difficult and risky

45
Q

Female reproductive system

A
46
Q

Explain two biological reasons why most doctors think that a kidney transplant is a better method of treatment than dialysis

A
  • Dialysis requires a specific diet
  • Dialysis can cause blood clots or infections
47
Q

Explain how plant hormones can be used in weedkillers

A

The selective weedkiller contains a growth hormone that causes the weeds to grow too quickly and die. Because most weeds have broader leaves than grass or wheat, the weedkiller is absorbed in larger quantities by the weeds.

48
Q

Effects of the adrenal gland on the body

A
  • increases heart and breathing rate
  • increases mental awareness
  • boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain/muscles
49
Q

Disadvantages of fertility treatments

A
  • Emotional stress
  • Risk of multiple pregnancies
50
Q

Differences in nervous and hormonal control

A

nervous. Hormonal
electrical impulse. chemical
muscles or gland. targetorgan
muscle contract. chem change
rapid. slower
short long

51
Q

Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

A

Type 1 - cells dont produce enough insulin
Type 2 - cells no longer respond to insulin

52
Q

Dangers of high blood glucose levels

A
  • blurry vision
  • frequent urination
  • fatigue
53
Q

Advantages of fertility treatments

A

Offer hope to couples who are unable to conceive naturally

54
Q

3 similarities in puberty for boys/girls

A
  • Pubic hair growth
  • External genitalia growth
  • Underarm hair growth

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