B11 Flashcards
what is the endocrine system
made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream
how does a hormone travel from the endocrine gland to the target organ
endocrine gland secretes hormone
hormone passes into the blood stream to the target organ
the receptors on the cell pick up the hormone triggering a response in the cell
what is the pituitary gland
acts as a master gland in the brain
what does the pancreas do
monitors and controls the level of glucose in your blood. receptors in the pancreas detect levels of blood glucose
what does the pancreas do if there is too much glucose in the blood
produces the hormone insulin
what does insulin do
causes glucose to move from the blood into cells
what happens if the blood glucose levels are too low
pancreas releases glucagon which causes the glucagon in the liver to change into glucose
how does glucagon interact with glucose
in a negative feedback cycle to control blood glucose levels
what is type 1 diabetes
if the pancreas produces little or no insulin the blood glucose levels become very high
what is type 2 diabetes
develops when the body does not respond to its own insulin.
how is type 1 diabetes treated
traditionally treated with human insulin
they have to inject themselves with insulin before each meal every day
what do people who are active have to do to treat type 1 diabetes
need to match the amount of insulin injected with their diet and exercise
how else are doctors trying to treat type 1 diabetes
pancreas transplant
transplanting pancreatic cells
embryonic stem cells to produce insulin producing cells
how is type 2 diabetes treated
can often be controlled by eating a balanced diet and exercising. also reduce the amount of carbohydrates you eat
what if exercising and dieting doesn’t treat type 2 diabetes
doctors can prescribe drugs to treat it which helps insulin to work better and helps the pancreas produce more insulin
how are hormones in the body controlled
a negative feedback system
what is thyroxine
produced by thyroid gland in the neck and controls
the basal metabolic rate
how much oxygen is used by tissues
how the brain of a growing child develops
how is thyroxine kept at a stable amount
falling levels of thyroxine in the blood are detected by sensors in the brain causing an increase in the amount of TSH released from the. pituitary gland
what is adrenaline
produced by the adrenal glands above the kidney and is released when you are stressed, frightened or angry. it is not controlled why negative feedback
what does adrenaline cause
heart rate and breathing rate increase
stored glycogen to be converted to glucose for respiration
pupils to dilate
