B9 Flashcards
What type of reaction is aerobic respiration
Exothermic
Why is the energy transferred in aerobic respiration important
As it is needed for all living processes
Where does aerobic respiration happen
In mitochondria and is controlled by enzymes
What is the equation for aerobic respiration
glucose+oxygen->co2+water+energy
What can the energy transferred in aerobic respiration be used for
-Build larger molecules from smaller ones
-Enable muscle contractions
-Maintain a constant body temp in mammals and birds
-Move materials such as mineral ions into cells against a concentration gradient
How can you investigate aerobic respiration
Use limewater which will turn cloudy white if carbon dioxide is produced
What does your body need to do during excercise
Increase the rate at which oxygen and glucose reach the muscles and remove the extra waste carbon dioxide produced more quickly
How does the human body react to excercise
Heart rate increases and blood vessels dilate.
Breathing rate and depth of each breath increases
Muscles store glucose as glycogen which can be converted to glucose
What happens when your muscles cannot get enough oxygen for aerobic respiration
They start to respire anaerobically (without oxygen)
What happens to glucose in aerobic respiration
Glucose is not completely broken down so lactic acid is produced
What is one cause of muscle fatigue
Build up of lactic acid which creates an oxygen debt
What can remove lactic acid from muscles
Blood flowing through the muscles
What happens when excercise is finished
All lactic acid must be completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water. To do this you need to intake extra oxygen
What Else uses anaerobic respiration
Plant cells and yeast cells produce ethanol and carbon dioxide
What is fermentation
Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
What is metabolism
Is the sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or in the body
Name some common metabolic reaction
Fatty acids into glycerol or lipids
Amino acids to proteins
Respiration and photosynthesis
How is amino acid removed from the body
In the liver The amino group is removed for amino acids by deamination which forms ammonia which is converted to urea and passes in the blood to the kidneys and excreted in urine.
What are some functions of the liver
Poisonous substances are detoxified such as ethanol
Old red blood cells are broken down and the iron is stored to make new red blood cells
What is lactic acid changed into in the liver and why
Glucose to repay the oxygen debt
why do your muscles start to respire anaerobically
when your muscles cannot get enough oxygen for aerobic respiration.
what is oxygen debt
the amount of oxygen needed to break down the lactic acid from anaerobic respiration
