B10 renal system

Question 1

what does the renal system consist of

Answer 1

2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra

Question 2

function of the kidneys

Answer 2

filtering blood to produce urine.

Question 3

regulation water

Answer 3

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland controls fluid balance

If a lot of water has been drunk and absorbed into the blood volume increases and ADH production is reduced so that less surplus water

If the body is lacking water then more ADH is secreted and more water is reabsorbed to regain balance

Fluid balance is maintained by either excreting either dilute or more concentrated urine.

Question 4

Filtering toxins / and salt balance and PH:

Answer 4

The kidneys remove toxins which are broken down in the liver and their products eliminated by kidneys in urine.

The PH of the blood must be kept on the alkaline side of neutral (PH 7.4).

The kidneys maintain PH as they can manipulate the PH of urine to get rid of extra acids or alkalis as necessary.

The amount of salts in the blood is regulated through a special process in the bends of the tubules, and the action of the hormone aldosterone

Question 5

Ureters

Answer 5

the slim tubes that leave
the kidneys and pass down to the
bladder in the pelvis

Urine passes mainly by gravity.

Question 6

Urethra

Answer 6

tube that carries from the bladder to the exterior

Question 6

Bladder

Answer 6

is a hollow organ with muscular
wall which allow for great expansion

Its function is to store urine until a
convenient time to release it

Question 7

renal failure

Answer 7

kidneys may lose function due to damaged renal tubules

Symptoms include decreased urine output, fluid retention, drowsiness, shortness of breath and fatigue

Later stage symptoms may be confusion, nausea, seizures and
possible coma.

Treatment = special diet limiting protein, salt and fluid.

Eventually kidney function will need to be replaced either by dialysis (haemodialysis) or by a kidney transplant.

Question 9

UTI
urine tract infection

Answer 9

inflammation of the bladder that causes a burning pain on urination

a frequent need to urinate

more common in females due to the short urethra and the closeness of the anus and vagina

can also be caused from sexual intercourse and
sexually transmitted diseases

Question 10

haemodialysis

Answer 10

a haemodialysis machine
to remove unwanted waste products.

four hours for three days a week

kidney transplant is cheaper but the kidney
will not last forever and the individual will
have to take immunosuppressive drugs for the
rest of their life.