A2 characteristics of tissue

Question 1

Name 4 types of tissues

Answer 1

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

Question 2

define epithelial

Answer 2

there are 2 types simple and compound

found in the lining of internal and external surfaces and body activities

There are nerve supplies to these tissues but oxygen and
nutrients are supplied by diffusion.

The growth and repair of these tissues occurs during sleep.

Question 3

4 types of simple epithelial tissue

Answer 3

squamous
cuboidal
columnar
cillated

Question 4

define squamous

Answer 4

structure- flat, has a nucleus in the middle fits like fried eggs

function- allow materials to pass through via osmosis and diffusion

eg location- blood capillaries and lung alvolie

Question 5

define cuboidal

Answer 5

structure- cube shaped with spherical nuclei

function- allow materials to pass through via diffusion and osmosis

eg location- sweat ducts, thyroid gland, breast tissue

Question 6

define columnar

Answer 6

structure- taller, more oblong shaped with slightly oval nuclei. often cilia are present (hairs) – ciliated epithelia.

function- the cilia help transport unwanted particles towards the exterior

eg location- trachea, bronchi (lungs), small intestine

Question 7

compound epithelial

Answer 7

simple epithelial but in layers

becomes flat due to pressure

bottom layer is called basement membrane

function- protect deeper structure of the human body

eg location- vagina, mouth, tongue

Question 8

5 types of connective tissue

Answer 8

blood
cartilage
bone
areolar tissue
adipose tissue

Question 9

blood~ transport

Answer 9

structure straw coloured plasma
Red blood cells don’t have any nucleus contains haemoglobin which carry oxygen have large surface to volume area
white blood cell
fights infections
makes anti bodies
release enzymes, which destroy
platelets which clots blood

Question 10

cartilage~ support

Answer 10

structure smooth, translucent, firm
function protect bones from friction during movement
eg location knees, joints

Question 11

bone~ strength and support

Answer 11

structure hard substance
made up of two major components, calcium salt (hardness) and collagen fibres ( to prevent fractures)
function carry weight, make blood cells

Question 12

areola~ support

Answer 12

structure sticky white material
binds muscle groups, blood vessels and nerves
function support tissue around it
eg location blood vessels, nevers

Question 13

adipose~ insulate and protect

Answer 13

structure translucent fatty tissue
mature cells have pushed nucleus to one side due to amount of fat
function stores energy, keeps body warm
eg location under the skin, around heart, kidney, digestive system

Question 14

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 14

striated
non striated
cardiac

Each type of muscle fibre is capable of shortening
(contracting) and returning to original state (relaxing).

Contraction is important as it causes movement
of the skeleton, soft tissue, blood, and specific materials such as urine, food, faeces.

Muscle has blood and nerve supplies.

Question 15

define striated muscle

Answer 15

structure- Striated appearance can see bands of dark and light protein filaments

Each muscle fibre is cylindrical and multi nucleate

Muscle fibres contain thousands of mitochondria to supply ATP needed for muscular contraction

function- To contract when it receives a nerve impulse – controlled by conscious thought from the CNS

eg location- Bones of the skeleton and some facial muscles are attached to the skin

Question 16

define non striated muscles

Answer 16

Structure- Contains protein filaments but they do not lie in an ordered pattern.

Spindle or cigar shaped with a single central nucleus

These muscle fibres form sheets.

Function- To contract when it receives a nerve impulse – not under conscious thought. The nerve impulse is supplied by the ANS.

eg location- Around hollow internal organs such as stomach,
intestines, bladder, uterus.

Question 17

define cardiac muscle

Answer 17

structure- Only found in the four chambers of the heart.

Cardiac muscle is myogenic as it can rhythmically contract without any nerve supply.

Muscle cells branch repeatedly to form a network.

Each cell has a central nucleus and is horizontally and vertically striped.

function- To contract when it receives a nerve impulse from the ANS (regulates the heart rate) to keep us alive!

eg location- 4 chambers of the heart

Question 18

3 types of nervous tissue

Answer 18

neuron
neuroglia
myelin

Function- To create consistency (homeostasis), coordination
and communication between different parts of the
body.

eg location- nervous system

Question 19

define neuron

Answer 19

a highly specialised nerve cell that transmit nerve impulses. Their long processes form nerves

Question 20

define neuroglia

Answer 20

also called glia or glial cells. These are connective tissue cells with neurones in the brain and spinalcord that offer support and protection and form myelin

Question 21

define Myelin

Answer 21

an insulating sheath around the nerve fibres which
increase the speed of nerve conduction