A1 how cells work

Question 1

what are cells

Answer 1

Basic unit of living material
eg skin cells

Question 2

what are tissues

Answer 2

a group of cells joined together to carry out a particular task
eg lining of the lungs

Question 3

what are organs

Answer 3

a collection of tissues join together to carry out a specific function.
eg heart, lungs

Question 4

what is in the human cell

Answer 4

nucleus
cell membrane
nucleolus
cytoplasm
nucleus membrane

Question 5

what are living materials that make up a cell called

Answer 5

protoplasm

Question 6

define cytoplasm

Answer 6

Semi fluid - gel like
Chemical reactions occur here - Metabolism
Stores sugars e.g. glycogen

Question 7

define nucleus

Answer 7

Contains genetic material
Largest structure in the cell
Usually single and spherical

Question 8

define cell membrane

Answer 8

made up of 2 layers called phosphor lipid layer, which means protein and fat into 2 layers

Question 9

what does the peripheral do

Answer 9

only goes part way through the cell membrane

Question 10

what does the integral protein do

Answer 10

goes whole way through cell membrane

Question 11

name the types of cell organelle

Answer 11

Mitochondria
rough endoplasmic rectum
smooth endoplasmic rectum, ribosomes
cytoplasm
lysosomes
Golgi apparatus

Question 12

mitochondria

Answer 12

structure- rod shaped double layered membrane
inner layer has ridges called cristae
the cristae house enzymes for aerobic respiration

function- energy store and release in form of ATP

Question 13

define smooth endoplasmic rectum

Answer 13

structure- smooth has no ribosomes

function- metabolism of lipids

Question 14

define rough endoplasmic rectum

Answer 14

structure- has ribosomes attached to it

function- making cell protein and temporary storage area

Question 15

define ribosomes

Answer 15

structure- Located in the cytoplasm on the rough ER
contains RNA

function- manufacture protein

Question 16

define lysosomes

Answer 16

structure- found in the cytoplasm

function- contain powerful
enzymes used fordigesting chemical components.

destroys bacteria

injest foreign matter

Question 17

define golgi apparatus

Answer 17

structure- multiple sacks, which contain fluid stacked up like pancakes

function- delivers protein to the cell
Makes lysosomes

Question 18

define centrioles

Answer 18

structure- made from protein strands called microtubules

function- help with cell division

Question 19

define endoplasmic rectums

Answer 19

2 types rough and smooth

structure-branching networks filling the cell interior

function -creates pathways to transport materials inside the cell