(B1) The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What does the heart consist of?
- 4 Chambers (pumps)
- The right and left sides of the heart are completely separate but there are valves between the top and bottom chambers
What are the top chambers called?
Atria (atrium/left and right)
What are the bottom chambers called?
Ventricles
How does blood travel through the heart?
Blood comes into the atrium and out the ventricle
On the right side it comes from the body to the lungs
On the left side it comes from the lungs to the body
Deoxygenated blood goes through the right side
Oxygenated blood goes through the left side
Structure of the Heart
- Aorta
- Pulmonary Artery
- Pulmonary Vein
- Left/Right Atrium
- Left/Right Ventricle
- Vena Cava
- Semi-Lunar Valves
- Septum
- Tricuspid/Bicuspid
What is the purpose of the aorta?
To carry oxygenated blood to the body
What is the purpose of the vena cava?
To carry deoxygenated blood from the body
What is the purpose of the pulmonary artery?
To carry deoxygenated blood to the lung
What is the purpose of the pulmonary vein?
To carry oxygenated blood from the lung
What is the purpose of the septum?
To divide the left and right side of the heart
What is the purpose of the valves in the heart?
To prevent blood from flowing backwards
Where is the tricuspid valve?
On the right side of the heart
Where is the bicuspid valve?
On the left side of the heart
Where is the semi-lunar valve?
Between the ventricles and the aorta/pulmonary artery
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
What is heart rate?
The number of heart beats per minute
What is stroke volume?
The volume of blood in millilitres, pumped out of the heart at each beat
What is the equation of cardiac output?
cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
What is the heart made of?
The heart is made of cardiac muscle
What is cardiac muscle?
An involuntary muscle which is striated in appearance
What is myogenic muscle?
Muscle that contracts reflexively without nervous stimulation
What are the specialized tissues that are involved in the neural control of the cardiac cycle?
- Sinoatrial Node (SAN)
- Atrioventricular Node (AVN)
- Bundle of His
- Purkinje Fibres
What is the sinoatrial node (SAN)?
The heart’s pacemaker which controls how fast the heart beats
Where is SAN?
In the wall of the right atrium