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Applied Science (Unit 5) > (A1) Relating Properties to Uses and Production of Substance > Flashcards

(A1) Relating Properties to Uses and Production of Substance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is OILRIG?

A

Oxidization is Gain
Reduction is Loss

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2
Q

Reactions of Acids
General Equation of Metals

A

Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen (MASH)

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3
Q

Reactions of Acids
General Equation of Metal Oxides

A

Metal Oxide + Acid → Water + Salt (MAWS)

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4
Q

Reactions of Acids
General Equation of Metal Carbonate

A

Metal Carbonate + Acid → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Salt

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5
Q

What is a hydroxide?

A

Hydroxide is OH

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6
Q

What does soluble mean?

A

Able to be dissolved in water

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7
Q

What do acids produce when they break down?

A

H+ Ions (Hydrogen Ions)

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8
Q

When metal hydroxide ionizes what does it produce?

A

Metal Ions and OH- (Hydroxide Ions)

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9
Q

What do metal carbonate produce when it breaks down?

A

Metal Ions and Carbon Dioxide

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10
Q

What are spectator ions?

A

Ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction, these ions stay the same on the reactant and product side of the equation

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11
Q

What is aqueous (aq)?

A

Dissolved in water

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12
Q

What is present when something is aqueous?

A

OH - ions

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13
Q

What happens to an aqueous solution in a ionic equation?

A

Only aqueous solutions break down whilst solids and liquids stay the same in a ionic equation

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14
Q

What is HCl?

A

Hydrochloric Acid

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15
Q

What is H₂SO₄?

A

Sulfuric Acid

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16
Q

What is HNO₃?

A

Nitric Acid

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17
Q

What is H₃PO₄?

A

Phosphoric Acid

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18
Q

What are protons donors?

A

Acids are proton donors

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19
Q

What proton acceptors?

A

Hydroxides are proton acceptors

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20
Q

What is NH₃?

A

Ammonia

21
Q

What is an acid?

A

A compound that separates in water to form hydrogen ions (H+)

22
Q

What is a base?

A

A compound (metal oxide) that reacts with acid to form salt and water

23
Q

What is a alkali?

A

A base that dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions (OH-)

24
Q

What is a salt?

A

A compound formed by an acid-base reaction

25
Q

What is amphoteric?

A

A substance that has the ability to act either as an acid or a base

26
Q

What does calcium oxide produced when it is dissolved in water?

A

Calcium Hydroxide

27
Q

What is the use of calcium oxide?

A

Used by farmers to raise the pH of acidic soil

28
Q

What is the use of magnesium oxide?

A

Used to neutralize acidic sulfur oxide

29
Q

What is the use of sodium hydroxide?

A

Used to make plastic and soaps

30
Q

What does inert mean?

A

Non-Reactive

31
Q

What does corrosive resistant mean?

A

The ability to protect a substance from corrosion

32
Q

What is a conductor?

A

Something electricity and heat can pass through

33
Q

What are the uses of a substance that is inert?

A
  • Paint
  • Sunscreen
  • Glass
34
Q

What are the uses of a substance that is corrosive resistant?

A
  • Glass
  • Wiring
35
Q

What are the uses of a substance that is a conductor?

A
  • Wiring
36
Q

What is alumina?

A

Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃)

37
Q

Where is alumina extracted from?

A

Bauxite Ore

38
Q

What type of material is alumina?

A

A refractory material

39
Q

What is a refractory material?

A

A material that is physically and chemically stable at very high temperatures (over 3000 Celsius)

40
Q

What is alumina used for?

A

Linings for furnaces, kilns and reactors

41
Q

What does a substance need to be a refractory material?

A

A high melting point

42
Q

What are the types of properties of refractory materials?

A
  • Physical
  • Thermal
  • Chemical
43
Q

What are the physical properties of refractory materials?

A
  • Bulk Density
  • Porosity
  • Wear Resistance
44
Q

What are the thermal properties of refractory materials?

A
  • High Melting Point
  • Thermal Conductivity and Shock
45
Q

What are the chemical properties of refractory materials?

A
  • Corrosive Resistance
46
Q

Use of Calcium Hydroxide

A

In acidic effluent * add later

47
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that increases the rate of reaction without being used

Catalysts provide an alternative reaction route of lower activation energy

48
Q

Why are catalysts used?

A

Because catalysts give reactions a lower activation energy

49
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction

Applied Science (Unit 5) (12 decks)

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