(A1) Transition Metals and Processess Flashcards
What is a transition metal?
An element that forms at least one ion with a partly filled d-subshell
Where are transition metals on the periodic table?
In the d-block
What metals in the d-block are not transition metals?
- Zinc (Zn)
- Scandium (Sc)
Why is Zn and Sc not transition metals?
Because they have full d-orbitals when they form ions
What type of outer shells are stable?
Half-filled and full outer shells
(that is why some elements become 4s2 3d4 to 4s1 3d5)
What are the properties of transition metals?
- They form colored compounds
- Good catalysts
- They can show several different oxidation states in their compound
What are ions often associated with?
Changes in color
What does do the colored solution from transition metals suggest?
- They indicate oxidation or reduction
- Used to determine then end point in titration
What does Fe (III) mean?
Iron III or Fe 3+
What do roman numerals refer to?
They refer to oxidation states
III is 3+
II is 2+
What is Cr (VI), O and why?
CrO3
because Cr6+ and 02-, you need 3 O for 1 Cr
What is V205?
Vanadium Oxide
Where is vanadium oxide used?
As a catalyst in the contact process
Where is Iron used?
As a catalyst in the Haber Process
What does the contact process make?
Sulfuric Acid
What does the Haber Process make?
Ammonia
Equation of the Haber Process
3H2 + N2 —> 2NH3
(reversible reaction)
What is the purpose of the Haber process
To make fertilizer to increase crop yield
What is the hall-heroult process?
Where alumina is mixed with CaF2 or Cryolite
What is the result of the hall-heroult process?
The melting point of the mixture is lowered and its ability to conduct electricity has improved
What is platinum, pallidum and rhodium used for
In catalytic converters which turn carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide into nitrogen and carbon dioxide
What is the Kroll Process?
The process that turns titanium ore (rutile) into which is TiO2 into Ti
What is used as a reducing agent in the Kroll process?
Magnesium
