B&S (Nam, Religiosity ) Flashcards
What did s&b say the 3 types of cults are ?
Audience cults
Client cults == world affirming
The new age can be world affirming and world rejecting
world affirming - succeeding in everything
World reject- achieve enlightenment Ned in inner world m/c
What are the 2 themes Heelas talks about ?
Self spirituality- new angers seeking the spiritual have turned away from the external reli such as church and look inside themselves to find it
Detraditionalisation - the na rejects the spiritual authority of existing tradi religions (priest etc) & beliefs instead we can discover truth for ourself in ourself - pm
What are the characteristics of NAMS?
Membership - no concept of membership can participate any activity
Organisation - highly individualised spiritual personal experience come together in house
No worship - May believe in some kind of god unlikely to be worship - may be ritual
No mot- believe in May truths
World affirming - discourages genuine spirituality finding inner self
What does heelas say the 3 levels of commitment are ?
The fully engaged - give up conventional lifestyles for a spiritual quest
Serious part time - conventional lives but invest a lot of time on new age practices
Casual part timers - experiments with new age as consumers
What does suttcliffe say ?
Can NA abe considered a reli
Collection of individuals gathering when they choose in looses egalitarian groups
Individuals and groups link to wider networkers of people in & act of regions who have similar spiritual interests
Multiple seeking into a n0 of practices
People can contact other group networks with shared interests
Vv diverse difficult to identify common characteristics no agreement on which groups are actually part of the NA
Why are women more attracted to the new age ?
Women maybe attracted to the new age because it emphasises the importance of being authentic rather than merely acting out roles
Inc gender roles women more attracted to this than men they’re more likely to perceive their roles as restrictive
What did Bruce say about women involvement
2x many women as men involved in sects
What did s&b say about people participating insects ?
Sects offer compensators for organismic ethical and social deprivation. These forms of deprivation are common among women & explain their levels of sext membership
What is organismic deprivation
Stems from physical and mental health problems women likely to suffer I’ll health & this seek healing sects offers
What is ethical deprivation v
Women to be more morally conservative theure this likely to regard the world as being in moral decline and attracted to s
What is social deprivation
S attracted poorer groups and women more likely to be poorer
What does Milan & Hoffman say of women levels
3 Hugh levels of religiousity
Gender differences & risk taking which means risk that reli might be right - if you’re not religious you can go hell
Worm e are more risk averse than men cause they don’t want to take any chances
What does davie say about vision of gods ?
Women see god as loving &bforbing men see god as power & control this means mens less attracted to reli than women
What does Bruce say about lower levels of involvement?
Lower level involvement I paid full time work compared reli driven out of make dominared work spade & confined priv sphere of fam
Eval - brown decieve lf female piety - becoming less reli
What’s an eval of this v
Although Women more likely to be reli than men there has been a decline in their participation in reli activity in the uk
Women becoming less reli because of women see resisting traditional gender roles which subordinates women
More women in paid job than before
More women than men in hand but nams not reli
Man’s & nrms- lack salience or traditional reli
Ethnicity & reli
What is cultural defence ?
Reli as a source of ethnic identity & solidarity eg when em facets with hostility and reform - migrant 1st gen ) eval - 2nd 3rd gen don’t need reli as much - Bruce
What is cultural transition ?
When an immigrant population settled in a new place reli can offer a sense of community - Herbert
Eval - reli not need once
What is African Caribbean reli ?
- Christianity 17% of these attending Christian churcj
Ac were Christian before they came to Britain but often encountered racism in est churches
Their Christianity had developed mainly in the Pentecostal traducing
Found east British church- boring. They began establishing their own
Pentecostalism today is the largest Christian group among British aftican Caribbean
Pentecostalism is the fastest growing group within Christianity
What did the Rastafarianism ?
Another faith is found in the ac community
Partic among young men - respond to hostility
What did Madood find about Asian communities
Unlike In Asian community reli amongst ac as in the white population is much less important to their wth in identity and maturely a matter ifbindivual choose
What are Asian like ?
Main rel for Asian groups is islam Sikhism , Hindu
Young people from minority ethinc grow up we’re brought up in society with equal opportunities inc equal rights for women men & gay
Values associated with reli are difficult to sustain e.g islam is desirable for males & women to be educated separately
How ver this is hard to sustain in a society where there is legislation
Conflict between traditional values linked to reli & those of whole British society ( arranged marriage form younger gen )
What is islam ?
Conjure images of terrorism and extreme preacher
Young men are choosing islam as their prime maker of identity
Islam a growing marker of identity
Being identified as Muslim is a stigmatised identity brings hate asmr r and dear
Growing no of young makes & females who are Muslim
MUSKIM see their identity denied by white racist islamaphobic r people
Islam know in the 2nd 3rd gen eg hijab
Young Muslim embrace Islamic identity constantly reminded of their differences
What did mirza suggest about the rise in m
Rise of a Muslim identiy along the young might be able to do
What are the percentage of Muslim under 25
70% of British Muslim are under the age of 25
What did mirza say
Increses in ethnics reli and indentity cultural defence post 9/11 and 7/7 which led to an increase in islamaphobia
What does davie suggest if higher levels of religiousity
They help to maintain tradition group cohesion and & community
Whay did madood say about reli being important
It’s important in the lives of minority ethnic communities as a source of socialisation as means of maintains traditional morality
Helped to cope with worried and pressures in life perhaps arising from hostility and discrimination arising from racism & wider society
What is social deprivation
Mariginality & sf
Sense of dissatisfaction with a lack of status in society- sf
People turn to reli a secure & sold source of identity status & community which they find lacking in mainstream society
63% of bangle & Pakistani are living in poverty
Reli provided theodicy of didprebellesge - Weber
Compensator
What are the fam structure in Asian communities like
They’re much more tight knit with strong extended fam
Closer knit to communities
What is reli like I. Minority ethnic group
It can provide individuals with many manners of identity as their customers & food
What does Johan say about young British Asian
Forged a single new hybrid identity Brasian derived from blending British & Asian culture
Involved an identity by adopting selective elements of the reli of their parents with strong dimension of personal choice - pm
What did butler find from interviewing 18-30 yr old Muslim girls in Bradford & con entry
Young women had attachment to the religion values of their culture
Saw reli as important in shaping their identities but they wanted more closure & independence tk their lives
What does Jacobson say about young British Pakistani in east lonfon
Appealed to young people as it provided them with stability security & certainties when faced much uncertainty in other aspect of their lives
What mc more likely to do
Mc females are more like led to attend tradition vhruche s
What does Davies say about mc women
More likely tobelieve & wx women believe but not belong
Priv reli
What does Dawkins say about intelligence
Higher intelligence - less beliefs so this suggests mc are belonging without believing
What are the church attendance
Ash worth & farthing - mc more likely to attend chrich than skilled & unskilled
Voas & watt - rural more mc has higher rates if churchvattentende than urban ( wc area)
What did lawns find with regards to religiousity
Beliefs lifelong theists ( believe in god ) come from semiskilled & unskilled manual background less tk have have qualification
What is common int he uk
Believing and not belonging
What are athisets more likely tk have
Higher edu
What are the lifelong theists ?
We unskilled & semi skilled more likely to be reli
Life king atheists - higher economic an educated background mc
What’s an eval
Need to factor in other case factors espcecially ethnicity lc inner corgi urban dares swill be more religious due to higher rates of em
Immigration a growth of catholics m due to migrant
What is the coe
Bourgeoisie establishment due to close links with the starts and the establishment gov & ex will see ce as too authoritarian and formal
Anern & Davie - wc more attracted to religious non conformity mc habit is
What are new age movement
Those who invest in new age activities are overwhelming mc because the cost investing in there spiritual interestvcan be high
Bruce argued that nam appeal most those whose material and financial are fulfilled
Heelas argued that new age ideas and activities appeal specifically to highly educated professionals
What is the denomination of ce
Wallis argued that many denominations are anti establish because they’re broken away from est churcheof eng
He argues that denominations such a Methodism only attract the skilled wc & lower mc because such organisation are organised and run by theure congregation
Methodism emphasises hardeamon encourages member to work hwrd
Poorest people are attested pentacostalism - theodicy of misfortune
Why are sects
Glock argues that some social groups maybe attracted to sect becaus of their experience
Deprivation eg Jim jones peoples temples
Such sects may provide a way for economic aid deprived people to cope with their disadv
What was holders research on the jehovas on ?
Suggested that many meme herd of this sects are drawn from wc
What people tend to be unfulfilled
Jobs with little interaction with coll
These workers tend to feel unfulfilled i their jobs
Holden argues that the jehovas witness compensate for this deprivation by providing a safe haven and a strong sense of identity
J/w attracted skilled wc & self employed offers to fill gap
What jw provide
A sense of status
What does walrus say about sects
Mc youths pirated atttraxted to sects as resin against capitalism society
What does Bruce say about ethical deprivation
Leads mc upwardly. Mobile lower mc e Muslim attracted to islam i & there fundamentalism movement
What is ethnicity and age
What did 82% of the sample aged above 50bsay
Madood asked 2 gen ac & white
Paki & Ben more pos towards reli
67% of the 16-34 age group valierd the importance of islam i their lives
Lowest fig was white only 5% saw reli important
Ethnic group - the older gen saw reli as more important than the younger gen did
