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Immunology > B and T cell responses > Flashcards

B and T cell responses Flashcards

1
Q

T helper 1 cells secrete which two cytokines?

a. Interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor
b. Interleukin 4 and interleukin 5
c. Interleukin 9 and interleukin 10
d. Interferon gamma and interleukin 13

A

a. Interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor

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2
Q

Which of the following cells are not involved in cross-presentation of antigens?

a. Macropahges
b. Denditic cells
c. Basophils
d. B cells
e. All the above are involved

A

c. Basophils

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3
Q

T helper 2 cells secrete all of the following except:

a. IL-12
b. IL-10
c. IL-13
d. IL-4
e. IL-5

A

a. IL-12

**secreted by Th1 cells

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4
Q

What are the four things secreted by T helper 1 cells?

A

TNF
INF gamma
IL-12
IL-2

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5
Q

The interleukin responsible for the differentiation of T helper 1 cells is ___ and the one responsible for the differentiation of T helper 2 cells is ____.

A 
Th1 = IL-12
Th2 = IL-4
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6
Q

T helper 1 cells respond against viruses and tumor infected cells of the ____ immunity and T helper 2 cells are part of the ____ immunity.

A

Th1 - cell mediated immunity

Th2 - Humoral immunity

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7
Q

Which of the following is false?

a. Th1 cells are effective against intracellular bacteria and protozoa while Th2 cells are effective against extracellular parasites
b. Th1 cells active cell mediated immunity while Th2 cells activate humoral immunity
c. Interferon gamma is going to stimulate cytotoxic T cells to become CTL’s and they’re secreted by macrophages and activate NK cells
d. IL-4 is responsible for glass switch to IgE and IL-5 is responsible for class switch to IgA

A

c. Interferon gamma is going to stimulate cytotoxic T cells to become CTL’s and they’re secreted by macrophages and activate NK cells

**its secreted by actiavted NK cells and they’re potent activators of macrophages

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8
Q

T helper 2 cells target all the following cells except:

a. Mast cells
b. Macrophages
c. Eosinophils
d. Basophils

A

b. Macrophages

**also target B cells

**macrophages, NK cells and CTL’s are all main effectors of Th1 cells

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9
Q

Which interleukin is responsible for the proliferation of T helper cells?

A

IL-2

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10
Q

What are the steps to activate a naive T cell?

A
  1. TCR binds specific antigen displayed by MHC II binding the CD4 co-receptor
  2. CD28 binds B7 on APC
  3. LFA-1 (CD11) binds ICAM on APC
  4. CD40L / CD154 binds CD40 on APC which activates the APC to express more B7 and secrete IL-12
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11
Q

Which interleukin is necessary for the memory T cell to stay alive?

A

IL-7

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12
Q

True/False: CTL’s are responsible for producing cytokines to help kill infected host cells expressing antigens.

A

False

**T helper cells produce cytokines

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13
Q

True/Flase: Both CD95 and Perforins are ersponsible for activating caspases.

A

False

**Granzyms and CD95/ Fas-ligand

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14
Q

True/ False: Both granzyms and perforins enter the target cell by receptor mediated endocytosis.

A

True

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15
Q

T independent B cells are activated by which non-protein antigens?

A

Lipids
Polysaccharides
Nucleic acids

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16
Q

Which of the following is false?

a. T dependent activation produce only IgG and can induce germinal center responses
b. With T independent activation there is no class switching and differentiation is induced by the BCR signaling alone
c. Dendritic cells process antigens into peptides which are then presented with MHC to T cells in T dependent activation
d. T dependent activate via BCR’s but depend on signals from T helper cells to cause division/ differentiation

A

a. T dependent activation produce only IgG and can induce germinal center responses

**T independent only produce IgG since there is no class switching with this kind of activation

17
Q

What are the co- stimulatory signals of naive B cell activation?

A

CR2 (CD21) binding to C3d

18
Q

What are the accessory molecules of naive B cells?

A

CD81 and CD19

19
Q

Which of the following is false regarding plasma cells?

a. Early plasma cells are short lived vs. secondary plasma cells are long lived
b. Early plasma cells home to the bone marrow, gut, and lactating mammary glands
c. Early plasma cells produce IgM mainly but also produce small amounts of IgG
d. Primary plasma cells arise from germinal centers while secondary plasma cells arise from the memory B cells

A

b. Early plasma cells home to the bone marrow, gut, and lactating mammary glands

**true for late plasma cells, early plasma cells home in red pulp of spleen and medullary cords of lymph nodes

20
Q

True/False: B cells that present antigen are 100,000 times more specific to them than non- specific antigens.

A

True

21
Q

Which of the following interleukin is responsible for differentiation of B cells into plasma cells?

a. IL-2
b. IL-4
c. IL-6
d. IL-5

A

c. IL-6

**all the others are responsible for proliferation of B cells

22
Q

A decrase in CD40 L on T cells can lead to what syndrome?

A

Hyper IgM sundrome

23
Q

True/Flase: Isotype class switching results in the light chain gene switching.

A

False

** heavy chain gene switch

24
Q

Isotype class switching requires the binding of ___ and ___ regulated by ___ that are realsed from T helper cells.

A

CD40 on B cells and CD40L on T cells regulated by cytokines

25
Q

Which of the following immunoglobulins is the first to be secreted by B cells using IL-2, IL-4, IL-5?

a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgE

A

b. IgM

26
Q

Which of the following uses IL-4 to activate and produces immunity against parasites and mast cell degranulation?

a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgE

A

d. IgE

27
Q

Which of the following uses mucosal tissues, cytokines, and TGF- beta for mucosal immunity?

a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgE

A

c. IgA

28
Q

Which of the following has phagocytic responses when activated and uses IL-4 to activate one of the subclasses?

a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgE

A

a. IgG

29
Q

Which of the following arouses IL-5 that activates eosinophils and also arouses BAFF?

a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgE

A

c. IgA

30
Q

Which of the following activates the complement system and can also be transferred through the placenta to a neonate?

a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgE

A

a. IgG

31
Q

True/False: Affinity mutation only occurs in humoral immunity and T helper cells regulate somatic mutations.

A

True

32
Q

What two things are responsible for promoting prolonged interactions between B and T cells and is essential for a response within the germinal center?

A

LY108 and SLAM assocaited proteins

33
Q

True/False: With a primary exposure we see more IgG produced whereas in a secondary exposure we see more IgM produced.

A

False

**primary = IgM
secondary = IgG
34
Q

With a primary immune response we have a longer ___ phase mainly composed of naive B cells and with secondary immune responses we have a shorter __ phase that consists of higher immunoglobulin affinity and levels along with memory B cells.

A 
Primary = long lag phase
Secondary = shorter lag phase
35
Q

Which of the following is false regarding neonatal immunity?

a. Maternal IgG is transported by the neonates FcRn across the placenta to the fetus or from collostrum across the gut epithelium
b. A newborn has a natural passive immunity that protects them for up to 3-4 months causing them to have a high incidence of hemophilus influenza bacteria
c. The initial or primary immune response has a prolonged lag phase which doesn’t produce many immunoglobulins
d. All the above are true

A

d. All the above are true

36
Q

Which cells are going to have ADCC’s?

A

NK cells
Macrophages
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

Immunology (9 decks)

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