B) 1. principle of disease definitions

Question 1

pathogen define

Answer 1

micoorganism capable of harming a normal host

Question 2

normal host has a

Answer 2

healthy immune system

Question 3

immunocompromised host define

Answer 3

immune system is not optimal due to nutrition, disease, genetics, age etc

Question 4

opportunistic pathogen

Answer 4

cannot harm a normal host but can harm immunocompromised host

Question 5

define pathogenicity

Answer 5

ability of microorganism to cause disease

Question 6

define virulence

Answer 6

degree of pathogenicity. ranges from avirulent to highly virulent

Question 7

virulence factors

Answer 7

anything that contributes to virulence. e.g. attachment proteins, exotoxins

Question 8

define nosocomial infections

Answer 8

hospital acquired infections

Question 9

pathogenicity islands (PAI)

Answer 9

large regions of DNA located on chromosome or plasmid that encode multiple virulence genes. PAI are absent in avirulent members of same species. can encode proteins for iron uptake, exotoxins, type III and type IV secretion systems