Axial Skeleton (Lab) Flashcards
Covers the axial skeleton in preparation for the lab portion of anatomy.
What is your forehead bone called?
Frontal Bone
What is the lower arc of your eyebrow called?
Superorbital Arch
What is the upper arch of your eyebrow called?
Supercillary Arch
Where are the Parietal Bones
Left & Right sides of the Back Cranium/ On top of Head
Where is parallel to eyebrows and part of your frontal sinuses?
Nasal crease
What two arched and curved lines cross the middle of the Parietal Bone?
Temporal Lines
What “stitches” separate the frontal and parietal bones?
Coronal Suture
What “stiches” borders the Occipital and both Parietal Bones?
Lamboid Suture
What “stiches” separate the Parietal Bones?
Saggital Suture
What “stiches” border the Temporal Bone, Parietal, and Occipital Bone?
Squamous Suture
What skull bone is in the back lower part of the cranium?
Occipital Bone
What two rounded knobs on the occipital bone that form a joint with the first cervical vertebra?
Occipital Condyles
What “hole” does the spine enter the skull through?
What Bone is it a part of?
Foramen Magnum
Occipital Bone
What lines lie on the occipital bone and on the lateral sides of the External Occipital Proteuberance?
Nuchal Lines
Where do the muscles attach to form the head?
External Occipital Protuberance
What forms part of the anterior cranial fossa; part of the nasal septum; roof & lateral walls of nasal Cavity; part of medial wall of eye orbit?
Ethmoid Bone
What is directly lateral to the Crista Galli of the Ethmoid Bone?
Cribriform Plate
What is the attachment site for cranial dural septa to help stabilize brain within skull?
Crista Galli
What is on the Inner lateral Wall of Ethmoid Bone
Anterior View
Superior & Middle Nasal Conchae
What forms the superior part of the nasal septum?
Perpendicular Plate
*Rhino Tusk
What is directly lateral to the Crista Galli of the Ethmoid Bone and lies in the Cribriform plate?
Cribriform (Olfactory) Foramen
What forms a zygomatic arch with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone?
Temporal Process
What bone forms the cheek & lateral part of the orbit?
Zygomatic Bone
Which part of the Zygomatic bone articulates with the Frontal Bone?
Frontal Process
What bone unites cranial & facial muscles?
wings
Sphenoid Bone
What are the “Bigger wings” on the Sphenoid Bone?
Greater wings
What are the “Smaller wings” on the Sphenoid Bone?
Lesser Wings
What is the vertical boundary of the Greater & Lesser Wings?
Pterygoid Process
*pterygoid canal: transmits nerves
What holds the pituitary gland and is part of the Sphenoid Bone?
Sella Turica
What shallow, transverse depression is anterior to the sella turica and crosses the superior surface of the Sphenoid Bone?
Optic Groove
What are the smallest bones in the body?
Name all 3.
Ear ossicles
Malleus: “hammer”
Incus: “anvil”
Stapes: “stirrup”
What resembles a spiral shell?
Conchae
What is located in the inferolateral (below & to one side) wall of the nasal cavity and is a seperate bone nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone?
Inferior Nasal Conchae
What bone is bordered by the squamous suture, lies posterior to Zygomatic Bone, and inferior to Parietal Bones?
Temporal Bones
What lateral flat surface is directly inferior to squamous suture?
Squamous Part
What thick part of the temporal bone houses sensory structures of the inner ear that provide info about hearing and balance?
Petrous part
What is the prominent bulge on the inferior surface of the temporal bone and an anchoring site for muscles that move the neck?
Mastoid Process (Masto=breast)
What entrance is surrounded by the tympanic part on the Temporal Bone.
External Acoustic Meatus
External Auditory Canals
What provides a passageway for nerves and BV of the internal ear?
Part of the internal Temporal Bone
Acoustic Canal
Internal Acoustic Meatus
What long and sharp point lies inferior to the squamous part of the Temporal Bone?
(Points to Zygomatic Bone)
Zygomatic Process
Each temporal bone articulates with the mandible inferior to the base of both zygomatic processes in what depression?
Mandibuller Fossa
What thin, pointed, projecting bone serves as an attachment for several hyoid and tongue muscles
Styloid Process
What paired bone hold the upper teeth/jaw?
Maxillary (maxilla) Bones
What hard plate is formed anteriorly by horizontal medial extensions of both maxillae?
Palatine Process
What part of the maxilla bone pointing towards the Frontal Bone?
Frontal Process
What provides passageway for BV & nerves on the Maxillary Bone.
Infraorbital Foramen
Where are the holes for the teeth?
Alveoli of the maxilla bone
What holds the teeth in the Maxillary Bone?
Alveolar Process
What is the bone of the lower jaw called?
Mandible
What horizontal region of the Mandible is connected to the vertical Ramus?
Body of Mandible
What vertical region of the Mandible Bone is connected to the horizontal Body?
Ramus
What is the anterior projection of the ramus that connects to the temporalis muscle?
Coronoid Process
What is the posterior projection of each mandibular ramus called?
(far back of jaw)
Condylar Process
What bone forms inferior & posterior parts of nasal septum & is triangular in shape and, when viewed laterally, resembles a farming plow?
Vomer
What L-shape bone forms part of the nasal cavity, eye orbits, & hard palate?
Palatine Bones
What bone forms posterior part of hard plate; forms small part of nasal caivty and orbit wall?
articulates with the nasal bone anteriorly and with the ethmoid bone posteriorly
Lacrimal Bones
What forms the posterior portion of the hard palate on the Palatine Bone?
Horizontal Plate
What are the soft spots on a fetal skull called?
What are the three main soft spots?
Fontanelles
anterior, posterior, mastoid
Which of the fantanelles close quicker?
Mastoid
What air-filled chambers open into the nasal cavities?
Paranasal Sinuses
What air-filled chamber is superior to the nasal bone?
Frontal Sinus
What air-filled chamber is a part of the Sphenoid Bone?
Sphenoidal Sinus
What air-filled chamber is part of the Maxillary Bone?
Maxillary Sinus
What paired air-filled chambers open from the ethmoid into the nasal cavity?
Ethmoidal Labyrinth (sinus)
What immovable joints form the boundaries between the cranial bones?
Skull Sutures
What is the petrous part of temporal plate & passes through the internal carotid artery?
Caratoid Canal
What passagway is the posterior part of orbit between greater and lesser wings of sphenoid bone?
Superior Orbital Fissure
What passageway is supraorbital margin of orbit in frontal bone?
Supraorbital Foramen
What passageway of the junction of the maxilla, sphenoid, & zygomatic bones?
Infraorbital Foramen
What passageway between the temporal bone & occipital bone (posterior to carotid canal)?
Jugular Foramen
What’s the passageway of the Greater Wing of the sphenoid?
Foramen Spinosum
What passageway between the petrous part of the temporal bone, sphenoid bone, & occipital bone
Foramen Lacerum
What passageway is anteriomedial to occipital condyle of occipital bone?
Hypoglossal Canal
What posteomedial part of orbit in lesser wings of sphenoid bone?
Optic Foramen (Canal)
What is between mastoid & styloid processes of temporal bone?
Stylomastoid Foramen
What passageway is part of the Occipital Bone
Foramen Magnum
What passageway is part of the Greater Wing of the Sphenoid Bone
Foramen Ovale
What passageway is inferior to second premolar on anterolateral surface of mandible?
Mental Foramen
What passageway is inferior to the orbit in the maxilla?
Incisive Fossa (Foramen)
What passageway is located on the horizontal plate of the palatine bone?
Greater & Lesser Palatine Foramen
What passageway is part of the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible bone?
Mandibular Foramen
What are the Lateral openings between vertebrae that are
passageway for spinal nerves to travel to other parts of body?
Vertebral Foramen
What is the articular (connecting site) surface of the inferior articular processes of vertebrae, articulating with the inferior articular facet of the vertebra above to form a zygapophysial joint?
Superior Articular Facet
What part of vertebrae projects posteriorily?
Spinous Process
What is the anterior, weight bearing structure of almost all vertebrae?
Centrum (Body)
What are the lateral projections on both sides of the vertebrae arch?
Transverse Process
What “small foot” forms the lateral vertebral arch and connects to the spinal column?
Pedicle
Pes=foot
What two broad plates, extending dorsally and medially from the pedicles, fusing to complete the roof of the vertebral arch?
Lamina
What are the lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae?
Intervertebral Foramen
What articular surface of the inferior articular process of vertebrae, articulating with the superior articular facet of the vertebra below to form a zygapophysial joint?
Inferior Articular Facet
What vertebrae articulates superiorily w/ the occipital condyles of the Occipital Bone and inferiorily w/ the 1st thoracic vertebrae?
How many are there?
Cervical Vertebrae
C1-C7
What bone forms the point on the nose?
Nasal Bones
What deep grove is on the nasal surface of the body of the maxilla, in front of the opening of the sinus, and is converted into the nasolacrimal canal, by the lacrimal bone and inferior nasal concha?
Nasolacrimal Groove
What is the first vertebrae called?
Atlas
What is the second cervical vertebrae w/ dens/obontoid process?
Axis
“U” shaped
Transverse Foramina
What is the circular depression that articulates with the entire head or tubercle of the rib?
**only present in the thoracic vertebrae
Costal Facet
What is the anterosuperior edge of the first sacral vertebra that bulges anteriorly into the pelvic cavity?
Sacral Promontory
What dorsal ridge is formed by the infusion of the spinous processes of individual sacral vertebrae?
Median Sacral crest
What ‘s on the ala lateral surface, marks the site of articulation with the os coxae of the pelvic girdle, & forms the sacroilliac joint?
Auricular Surface
What is the semicircular depression that articulates with either the superior or inferior edge of the head of the rib?
**only in thoracic vertebrae
Costal demifacet
What vertebrae forms into a single bony structure in the mid to late 20s and articulates with 2 ossa coxae?
How many fused vertebrae are there?
Sacrum
S1-S5
What small infused coccygeal vertebrae is refereed to as the “tailbone”?
How many fused vertebrae?
Coccyx/ Coccygeal Vertebrae
Co1-Co4
**Can fuse to the sacrum when older?
What flat bone forms in the anterior midline of the thoracic wall?
aka: “breatbone”
Sternum
What is the widest & most superior portion of the sternum?
*handle of sword
Manubrium
What is the shallow superior indentation between the clavicular notches?
Supresternal (juglar) Notch
What two notches articulate with the right and left clavicles?
Clavicular Notch
What is the longest part of the sternum & forms its bulk?
*blade of sword
Body of Sternum
*gladiolus
What is the inferiorly pointed projection of the sternum?
*tip of sword blade
Xiphoid Process (xiphos=sword)
What are elongated, curved, flattened bones that originate on or between the thoracic vertebrae and end in the anterior wall of the thorax?
Ribs (costae)
What ribs connect individually to the sternum by separate costal cartilages?
Which are they?
- True Ribs
- 1-7
What rib’s costal cartilages do not attach directly to the sternum?
Which are they?
- False Ribs
- 8-12
What vertebrae forms the “small” region of the back & articulates superiorily w/ the saccrum?
How many are there?
Lumbar Vertebrae
L1-L5
*Note large size of centrum
What is the bony framework of the chest called?
Thoracic Cage
What part of the rib is at the end closest to the vertebral column, with which it articulates? It is marked by a kidney-shaped articular surface, divided by a horizontal crest into two facets (inferior/superior articular facet)
Rib feature: Head (Capitulum)
What rib feature lies in between the head & tubercle?
Rib feature: Neck
What rib feature has an articular facet for the costal facet on the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae?
Rib Feature: Tubercle
What rib feature curves anteriorly toward the sternum?
Rib Feature: Shaft (body)
What ribs have no connection with the sternum?
Which are they?
- Floating Ribs (False ribs)
- 11-12
Where is the nasal lacrimal duct located that secretes tears?
Nasal lacrimal groove
What rib feature marks the path of nerves & blood vessels to the thoraic wall along inferior internal border?
Rib Feature: Costal Groove
What are the soft spots on a fetal skull called?
Fontanelles
Mastoid, posterior, anterior
What rib feature connects true ribs individually to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions?
Rib Feature: Costal Cartilage
