Autonomic Physiology 2 Flashcards
What does tissues response to nerves depend on?
What neurotransmitter is used and what receptor it acts on
What receptors does noradrenaline act on?
Alpha and beta receptors
What receptors does acetylcholine act on?
Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
What does the sympathetic system do in the eye?
Activates B2 receptor on cilary muscle round the lens (muscle relaxes and the eye focuses far away)
Activates A1 receptor on radial muscle of iris (muscle contracts and makes pupils larger)
What does the parasympathetic system do in the eye?
Activates muscarinic receptors on colary muscle (muscle contracts and eye focuses close up)
Activates muscarinic receptor on sphlincter muscle (muscle contracts and makes pupils smaller)
What does the sympathetic system do in the heart?
Activates B1 receptors on pacemaker cells (increase heart rate)
Activates B1 receptors on myocytes (increases strength of contraction)
What does the parasympathetic system do in the heart?
Activates muscarinic receptors on pacemaker cells (decreases heart rate)
Little effect on myocytes (little effect on strength of contraction)
What does the sympathetic system do in the lungs?
Activates B2 receptors in smooth muscle of airway (muscle relaxes and dilutes airway)
What does the parasympathetic system do in the lungs?
Activates muscarinic receptors of smooth muscle on airway (muscle contracts and constricts airway)
What does the sympathetic system do in blood vessels?
Activates A1 receptors on smooth muscle of venules (muscle contracts and blood flow decreases)
Activates B2 receptors on smooth muscle of venules (muscle relaxes and blood flow increases)
What does the parasympathetic system do in blood vessels?
Usually no effect
What does the sympathetic system do in the gut?
Activates A/B receptors on smooth muscle of the gut (decreases gut motility)
Activates A receptors on pancreas (inhibits secreation of enzymes)
What does the parasympathetic system do in the gut?
Activates muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle of the gut (increases gut motility)
Activates muscarinic receptors in pancrease (increases secretion)
What does the sympathetic system do on energy stores?
Activates A/B receptors on liver cells (stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycolysis)
Activates A/B receptors on fat cells (increases lipolysis)
What does the parasympathetic system do to energy stores?
No effect