Anatomy of Joints

Question 1

What does the anatomical position look like?

Answer 1

Standing upright

Hand facing forwards

Upper limbs by side

Lower limbs straight

Heels together

In males, erected penis

Question 2

What does superior mean?

Answer 2

Facing upwards

Question 3

What does inferior mean?

Answer 3

Facing downwards

Question 4

What does lateral mean?

Answer 4

Away from midline

Question 5

What does medial mean?

Answer 5

Towards midline

Question 6

What does anterior mean?

Answer 6

Towards front

Question 7

What does posterior mean?

Answer 7

Towards back

Question 8

What does proximal mean?

Answer 8

Closer to origin of limb

Question 9

What does distal mean?

Answer 9

Further away from origin of the limb

Question 10

What does dorsal mean?

Answer 10

Towards back

Question 11

What does ventral mean?

Answer 11

Towards belly

Question 12

What are the four anatomical planes?

Answer 12

Medium plane (midline)

Frontal plane

Transverse plane

Sagittal plane

Question 13

What side does cross section anatomy always show?

Answer 13

Inferior side (looking upwards)

Question 14

What is a joint?

Answer 14

A union between two or more rigid components

Question 15

What is another word for a joint?

Answer 15

Articulation

Question 16

What are some functions of joints?

Answer 16

Movement

Growth

Question 17

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 17

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Question 18

What are fibrous joints composed of?

Answer 18

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 19

What kind of stength do fibrous joints have?

Answer 19

High tensile strength

Question 20

What is there little movement in fibrous joints?

Answer 20

Due to high amount of collagen fibres

Question 21

What are some examples of fibrous joints?

Answer 21

Periodontal ligament

Cranial sultures

Interosseus membranes

Question 22

What are cartilaginous joints composed of?

Answer 22

Layers of cartilage

Question 23

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 23

Synchonroses (primary)

Symphyses (secondary)

Question 24

What do synchondroses cartiliaginous joints allow?

Answer 24

Bone growth

Question 25

What happens to synchondroses cartilaginous joints in adults?

Answer 25

Disapear

Question 26

Do you get movement in a synchondroses cartilaginous joint?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

What is an example of a synchondroses cartilaginous joint?

Answer 27

In a growing long bone

Question 28

What happens to symphyses cartilaginous joints with age?

Answer 28

Do not ossify

Question 29

What kind of movement do symphyses cartilaginous joints allow?

Answer 29

Limited

Question 30

What is an example of a symphyses cartilaginous joint?

Answer 30

Intervertebral disc

Question 31

What do synovial joints allow for?

Answer 31

Greater movement

Question 32

What are common features of synovial joints?

Answer 32

Fibrous capsule Synovial membrane Synovial cavity Articular cartilage

Question 33

What is the fibrous capsule in a synovial joint made of?

Answer 33

Collagen fibres

Question 34

What does the synovial membrane in a synovial joint do?

Answer 34

Produces synovial fluid

Question 35

What does the synovial cavity contain?

Answer 35

Synovial fluid which lubricates the joint

Question 36

What is the function of articular cartilage in a synovial joint?

Answer 36

Roles in lubrication and movement

Question 37

What may, but not always, synoival joints contain?

Answer 37

Articular disks Ligaments Bursae

Question 38

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 38

Hinge Pivot Saddle Condylar Plane Ball and socket

Question 39

What are some types of movement at synovial joints?

Answer 39

Flexion/extension Abduction/adduction Lateral/medial rotation Circumduction Supi-/pronation Inversion/eversion Dorsi-/planterflexion True flexion/extension

Question 40

What are joints stabalised by?

Answer 40

Shapes of articulating surfaces (how well they fit together) Fibrous capsule and ligaments Muscles

Question 41

Joints have a rich what?

Answer 41

Blood and nerve supply

Question 42

What is common around joints in terms of blood and nerves?

Answer 42

Anastomosis

Question 43

What is anastomosis?

Answer 43

Cross connections between adjacent channels

Question 44

What does anastomoses ensure?

Answer 44

The joint is always supplied with blood/nerves during the full range of its movement

Question 45

What is proprioception?

Answer 45

Sense of your own body parts position in space

Question 46

What law do nerves around joints adhere to?

Answer 46

Hilton's law

Question 47

What is hilton's law?

Answer 47

The nerve supplying a muscle that crosses a certain joint also innervates that joint

Question 48

What are some common joint pathology?

Answer 48

Trauma Arthiritis Craniosynostosis (premature closure in parts of the skull)