Autonomic II

Question 1

how is tyrosine transported into

Answer 1

Na dependent carrier

Question 2

what is tyrosine converted to and by what?

Answer 2

DOPA by tyrosine hydoxylase

Question 3

what is DOPA converted to and by what

Answer 3

Dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase

Question 4

how is dopamine transported into vesicles

Answer 4

vesicular monoamine trasnporter

Question 5

what is dopamine converted to and by what?

Answer 5

NA by dopamine - beta- hydroxylase

Question 6

where is dopamine converted to NA

Answer 6

in vesicle

Question 7

what is the rate limiting. step in the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA

Answer 7

tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 8

what blocks the rate limiting step in the formation of DOPA

Answer 8

Alpha-methyltyrosine

Question 9

what is NA released with

Answer 9

ATP, peptidergic cotransmitter and dopamine beta hydroxylase

Question 10

what is the fusion of vesicles and NA release dependent on

Answer 10

Ca

Question 11

how is NA inactivtaed

Answer 11

diffusion and uptake

Question 12

what are the two uptakes for NA

Answer 12

uptake 1 into terminals
uptake 2 into postsynaptic cells

Question 13

what can block the uptake 1 of NA

Answer 13

cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants

Question 14

how can NA and other catecholamines be metabolized in the mitochondria of nerve terminals

Answer 14

in mitochondira by monoamine oxidase

Question 15

what metabolizes catecholamines

Answer 15

catechol-o-methyl transferase

Question 16

what is the shape and structure of adrenoceptors

Answer 16

heptahelical
G protein

Question 17

what are the two types of alpha-adrenoceptors and where are they

Answer 17

alpha 1 (postsynaptic adrenoceptors) = vascular smooth muscle contraction and increased blood pressure
alpha 2 (mainly presynaptic) = on nerve terminals

Question 18

what activates beta-adrenoceptors

Answer 18

NA from sympathetic postganglionic nerves and adrenaline from adrenal gland

Question 19

what does each beta adrenoceptor do

Answer 19

beta 1 = open ca channels (heart)
beta 2 = relax vascular smooth muscle tissue, dilate bronchioles
beta 3 = on adipocytes

Question 20

how do presynaptic beta receptors act

Answer 20

increase NA release

Question 21

what are the exceptions to the rule that most visceral organs receive both parasympathetic and sympathethc innervation

Answer 21

spleen
kidney
liver
fat cells
and most blood vessels

Question 22

what drugs can release NA from vesicles

Answer 22

amphetamine and tyramine

Question 23

what are the generalizations of cholinergic effects

Answer 23

relaxation of smooth muscle and secretion

Question 24

what are the generalizations of adrenergic effects

Answer 24

contraction and inhibition of secretion

Question 25

how does sympathetic tone affect the kidney

Answer 25

renin secretion

Question 26

what is the muscaniric antagonist

Answer 26

atropine

Question 27

where is afferent info sent from baroreceptors

Answer 27

nucleis tractus solitari

Question 28

how do presynaptic alpha adrenoceptors act

Answer 28

decrease NA

Question 29

what are the areas under sympathetic tone

Answer 29

blood vessels (arterioles and veins)
spleen
kidney

Question 30

where is the baroreceptor activity

Answer 30

carotid sinus
aortic arch
lungs
heart

Question 31

which adrenergic receptors are found in the intestines

Answer 31

alpha2 and beta 2

Question 32

which adrenergic receptors are found in the bladder

Answer 32

beta2 and alpa 1

Question 33

which adrenoceptor is found in the iris

Answer 33

alpha