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pmcol 343 > Autonomic I > Flashcards

Autonomic I Flashcards

1
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system divided into

A

autonomic and somatic divisions

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2
Q

T or F: both the autonomic and somatic system have a sensory component

A

True

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3
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system comprise

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic, intrinsic

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4
Q

what is the other name for the sympathetic division

A

thoracolumbar

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5
Q

what is the other name for the parasympathetic division

A

craniosacral

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6
Q

what does the intrinsic division comprise

A

enteric and intracardiac

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7
Q

draw the schematic (including NTs and receptors) for signalling to blood vessels
are they parasympathetic or sympathetic

A

CNS —-> ACh (nic) ——–> NA
sympathetic

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8
Q

draw the schematic from the CNS to salivary glands
para or sympa?

A

CNS ——> ACh (nic) ——> Ach (mus)
para

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9
Q

draw the schematic from the CNS of sweat glands?
para or sym

A

CNS ——> ACh (nic) ——-> ACh (mus)
sympathetic

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10
Q

draw the schematic from the CNS to skeletal muscle
what system

A

CNS ——-> ACh (nic)
somatic

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11
Q

draw the schematic from the CNS to the adrenal medulla
para or sym

A

CNS ——> ACh (nic)
sympathetic

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12
Q

where do sympathetic ganglia lie

A

paravertebral sympathetic chain
or prevertebral sympathetic ganglia

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13
Q

what is the main post ganglionic NT for the sympathetic nervous system

A

NA

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14
Q

what cells are found in the adrenal medulla? what NTs do they release

A

chromaffin
NA and adrenaline

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15
Q

what are other transmitters involved in the sympathetic nervous system

A

ATP and neuropeptide Y

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16
Q

how does the sympathetic system generally effect smooth muscle? what is the exception

A

contraction but relaxes the gut

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17
Q

where does central sympathetic processing take place

A

hypothalamus and medulla

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18
Q

the sympathetic system is a reflex system which has afferent fibres which project via the nucleus of the ____ tract

A

solitary

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19
Q

where do most parasympathetic ganglia lie?

A

target tissue

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20
Q

what are other parasympathetic transmitters

A

ATP and neuropeptides

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21
Q

where does parasympathetic processing take place

A

hypothalamus and medulla

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22
Q

what kind of input does the enteric nervous system receive from sympathetic nerves

A

inhibitory adrenergic

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23
Q

what kind of input does the enteric nervous system receive from parasympathetic nerves

A

excitatory cholinergic

24
Q

name 4 other transmitters involved in the enteric nervous system

A

ACh, 5-HT, ATP, substance p (neuropeptides)

25
Q

name the 2 plexi of the enteric nervous system

A

myenteric plexus of auerbach
submucous plexus of meissner

26
Q

what is involved in the perstalic and secretory reflexes of the enteric nervous system

A

endogenous gut neurons

27
Q

how do sympathetic inhibitory post-ganglionic fibres behave differently then their parasympathetic counterparts in the enteric nervous system

A

they go right to the submucous plexus whereas the parasympathetic ones can go to the myenteric or submucous

28
Q

which enzyme degrades ACh

A

acetylcholinesterase

29
Q

how is ACh generated (starting materials and enzyme)

A

choline + acetyl coenzyme A
choline acetyltrasnferase

30
Q

where is ACh stored prior to depolarization

A

vesicles

31
Q

acettylcholinesterase degrades Ach into ___ & ____

A

choline and acetate

32
Q

where is acetyl coa synthesized

A

mitochondria

33
Q

where is ACh synthesized

A

cytoplasm

34
Q

what can block Ach release and vesicle fusion

A

botulinum toxin

35
Q

where does ACh interact with nAChR

A

autonomic ganglia or skeletal muscle

36
Q

where does ACh interact with mAChr

A

visceral targets

37
Q

what can block acetylcholinesterase

A

nerve gasses and insecticides

38
Q

what stimulates mAChRs

A

muscarine

39
Q

what is the structure of mAChRs & what kind of receptor is it

A

heptahelical
G protein

40
Q

Where are M1, M2 and M3 receptors found

A

M1 = neurons
M2 = cardiac
M3 = smooth muscle, endothelial cells and glands

41
Q

what kind of G protein are M1 and M3 receptors

A

Gq

42
Q

what compounds are involved in Gq signalling

A

phospholipase C
inositol trisphosphate
Ca
diacyl glycerol
protein kinase C

43
Q

how do M3 agonists work to relax vascular smooth muscle and dilation of arterioles

A

increase Ca
activation of NO synthase
NO released and diffuses into cells
activates soluble guanylyl cyclase
cyclic GMP is generated
relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

44
Q

where are the mAChRs that relax smooth muscle located

A

endothelial cells lining blood vessels

45
Q

T or F: most blood vessels are not innervated by parasympathetic nerves

A

Ttrue

46
Q

what mechanism do M2 receptors work via
explain the mechanism

A

Galpao
Galphai
inhibit adenyl cyclase, reduce cAMP
betay subunits to ope K

47
Q

what kind of receptors are nAChRs

A

ligand-gated ion channels

48
Q

how do nACHRs act in
autonomic ganglia?
voluntary skeletal muscle (+ diaphragm) ?

A

excitatory post synaptic potentials
excitatory junction potentials

49
Q

what are nACHRs assembled from

A

5 transmembrane subunits

50
Q

what are the genes forming the subunits of nAChRs

A

alpa 1-10
beta 1-4
sigma
y
e

51
Q

where are the 2 ACh binding sites located for nACHRs

A

interface between subunits

52
Q

what are key differences between ganglionic and neuromusculuar nicotinic receptors

A

no alpa 1 (usually alpha 3 in ganglionic)

53
Q

what are key differences between ganglionic and neuromusculuar nicotinic receptors

A

no alpa 1 (usually alpha 3 in ganglionic)

54
Q

what are the 5 subunits for nAChR in adult muscle

A

alpha 1 x 2
beta 1
sigma
e

55
Q

what are the subunits for nAChR for ganglionic

A

variable combo of alpha and beta

pmcol 343 (9 decks)

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