Autonomic I

Question 1

what is the peripheral nervous system divided into

Answer 1

autonomic and somatic divisions

Question 2

T or F: both the autonomic and somatic system have a sensory component

Answer 2

True

Question 3

what does the autonomic nervous system comprise

Answer 3

sympathetic, parasympathetic, intrinsic

Question 4

what is the other name for the sympathetic division

Answer 4

thoracolumbar

Question 5

what is the other name for the parasympathetic division

Answer 5

craniosacral

Question 6

what does the intrinsic division comprise

Answer 6

enteric and intracardiac

Question 7

draw the schematic (including NTs and receptors) for signalling to blood vessels
are they parasympathetic or sympathetic

Answer 7

CNS —-> ACh (nic) ——–> NA
sympathetic

Question 8

draw the schematic from the CNS to salivary glands
para or sympa?

Answer 8

CNS ——> ACh (nic) ——> Ach (mus)
para

Question 9

draw the schematic from the CNS of sweat glands?
para or sym

Answer 9

CNS ——> ACh (nic) ——-> ACh (mus)
sympathetic

Question 10

draw the schematic from the CNS to skeletal muscle
what system

Answer 10

CNS ——-> ACh (nic)
somatic

Question 11

draw the schematic from the CNS to the adrenal medulla
para or sym

Answer 11

CNS ——> ACh (nic)
sympathetic

Question 12

where do sympathetic ganglia lie

Answer 12

paravertebral sympathetic chain
or prevertebral sympathetic ganglia

Question 13

what is the main post ganglionic NT for the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 13

NA

Question 14

what cells are found in the adrenal medulla? what NTs do they release

Answer 14

chromaffin
NA and adrenaline

Question 15

what are other transmitters involved in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

ATP and neuropeptide Y

Question 16

how does the sympathetic system generally effect smooth muscle? what is the exception

Answer 16

contraction but relaxes the gut

Question 17

where does central sympathetic processing take place

Answer 17

hypothalamus and medulla

Question 18

the sympathetic system is a reflex system which has afferent fibres which project via the nucleus of the ____ tract

Answer 18

solitary

Question 19

where do most parasympathetic ganglia lie?

Answer 19

target tissue

Question 20

what are other parasympathetic transmitters

Answer 20

ATP and neuropeptides

Question 21

where does parasympathetic processing take place

Answer 21

hypothalamus and medulla

Question 22

what kind of input does the enteric nervous system receive from sympathetic nerves

Answer 22

inhibitory adrenergic

Question 23

what kind of input does the enteric nervous system receive from parasympathetic nerves

Answer 23

excitatory cholinergic

Question 24

name 4 other transmitters involved in the enteric nervous system

Answer 24

ACh, 5-HT, ATP, substance p (neuropeptides)

Question 25

name the 2 plexi of the enteric nervous system

Answer 25

myenteric plexus of auerbach submucous plexus of meissner

Question 26

what is involved in the perstalic and secretory reflexes of the enteric nervous system

Answer 26

endogenous gut neurons

Question 27

how do sympathetic inhibitory post-ganglionic fibres behave differently then their parasympathetic counterparts in the enteric nervous system

Answer 27

they go right to the submucous plexus whereas the parasympathetic ones can go to the myenteric or submucous

Question 28

which enzyme degrades ACh

Answer 28

acetylcholinesterase

Question 29

how is ACh generated (starting materials and enzyme)

Answer 29

choline + acetyl coenzyme A choline acetyltrasnferase

Question 30

where is ACh stored prior to depolarization

Answer 30

vesicles

Question 31

acettylcholinesterase degrades Ach into ___ & ____

Answer 31

choline and acetate

Question 32

where is acetyl coa synthesized

Answer 32

mitochondria

Question 33

where is ACh synthesized

Answer 33

cytoplasm

Question 34

what can block Ach release and vesicle fusion

Answer 34

botulinum toxin

Question 35

where does ACh interact with nAChR

Answer 35

autonomic ganglia or skeletal muscle

Question 36

where does ACh interact with mAChr

Answer 36

visceral targets

Question 37

what can block acetylcholinesterase

Answer 37

nerve gasses and insecticides

Question 38

what stimulates mAChRs

Answer 38

muscarine

Question 39

what is the structure of mAChRs & what kind of receptor is it

Answer 39

heptahelical G protein

Question 40

Where are M1, M2 and M3 receptors found

Answer 40

M1 = neurons M2 = cardiac M3 = smooth muscle, endothelial cells and glands

Question 41

what kind of G protein are M1 and M3 receptors

Answer 41

Gq

Question 42

what compounds are involved in Gq signalling

Answer 42

phospholipase C inositol trisphosphate Ca diacyl glycerol protein kinase C

Question 43

how do M3 agonists work to relax vascular smooth muscle and dilation of arterioles

Answer 43

increase Ca activation of NO synthase NO released and diffuses into cells activates soluble guanylyl cyclase cyclic GMP is generated relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

Question 44

where are the mAChRs that relax smooth muscle located

Answer 44

endothelial cells lining blood vessels

Question 45

T or F: most blood vessels are not innervated by parasympathetic nerves

Answer 45

Ttrue

Question 46

what mechanism do M2 receptors work via explain the mechanism

Answer 46

Galpao Galphai inhibit adenyl cyclase, reduce cAMP betay subunits to ope K

Question 47

what kind of receptors are nAChRs

Answer 47

ligand-gated ion channels

Question 48

how do nACHRs act in autonomic ganglia? voluntary skeletal muscle (+ diaphragm) ?

Answer 48

excitatory post synaptic potentials excitatory junction potentials

Question 49

what are nACHRs assembled from

Answer 49

5 transmembrane subunits

Question 50

what are the genes forming the subunits of nAChRs

Answer 50

alpa 1-10 beta 1-4 sigma y e

Question 51

where are the 2 ACh binding sites located for nACHRs

Answer 51

interface between subunits

Question 52

what are key differences between ganglionic and neuromusculuar nicotinic receptors

Answer 52

no alpa 1 (usually alpha 3 in ganglionic)

Question 53

what are key differences between ganglionic and neuromusculuar nicotinic receptors

Answer 53

no alpa 1 (usually alpha 3 in ganglionic)

Question 54

what are the 5 subunits for nAChR in adult muscle

Answer 54

alpha 1 x 2 beta 1 sigma e

Question 55

what are the subunits for nAChR for ganglionic

Answer 55

variable combo of alpha and beta