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pmcol 343 > all drugs > Flashcards

all drugs Flashcards

1
Q

botulinum toxin

A

blocks vesicle fusion and ACh release

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2
Q

amphetamine

A
  1. release NA from vesicles
  2. CNS
  3. Adderal
  4. substrate for catecholamine transporter
  5. horner’s test 3rd lesion
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3
Q

tyramine

A
  1. release NA from vesicles
  2. metabolized by MAO
  3. danger of hypertension and dysryhtmias
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4
Q

cocaine

A
  1. blocks uptake 1 of NA
  2. local anesthetic
  3. CNS effects dominate
  4. horner’s syndrome test
    `
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5
Q

tricyclic antidepressants

A
  1. blocks uptake 1 of NA
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6
Q

acetylcholine

A

choline ester
poorly absorbed from GI
nicotinic and muscarinic

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7
Q

carbachol

A

choline ester
poorly absorbed from GI
nicotinic and muscarinic

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8
Q

bethanechol

A

choline ester
poorly absorbed from GI
muscarinic

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9
Q

methacholine

A

choline ester
poorly absorbed from GI
asthma

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10
Q

muscarine

A

muscarinic agonist
parasympathetic
slow heart, decrease rate + contraction
endothelium-dependent blood vessel dilation
M3
increased secretion in respiratory
increase secretion and activity GI
bladder voiding

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11
Q

oxotremorine

A

muscarinic agonist
parasympathetic
slow heart, decrease rate + contraction
endothelium-dependent blood vessel dilation
M3
increased secretion in respiratory
increase secretion and activity GI
bladder voiding

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12
Q

pilocarpine

A

muscarinic agonist
parasympathetic
slow heart, decreased rate + contraction
endothelium-dependent blood vessel dilation
M3
increased secretion in respiratory
increase secretion and activity GI
bladder voiding
reduced IOP in glaucoma
miosis
myopia

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13
Q

nicotine

A

nicotinic agonist
CNS effects
sympathetic in cardio
parasympathetic in GI
contractile in skeletal muscle

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14
Q

edrophonium

A

reversible, simple alcohol
anticholinesterase
sympathetic on vascular system
but similar effects to cholinergic agonists

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15
Q

neostigmine

A

carbamic esters, reversible
anticholinesterase
sympathetic on vascular system
but similar effects to cholinergic agonists

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16
Q

malathion

A

insecticide, organophosphate
anticholinesterase

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17
Q

soman

A

nerve gas, organophosphate
anticholinesterase
sympathetic on vascular system
but similar effects to cholinergic agonists
nerve gas poisining = cardiac arrest, fluid in lungs

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18
Q

succinylcholine

A

nicotinic antagonist
paralysis during surgery

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19
Q

D-tubocurarine

A

nicotinic antagonist

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20
Q

alpha-bungarotoxin

A

nicotinic antagonist

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21
Q

atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist
used for dilation for ocular exams

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22
Q

scopolamine

A

muscarinic antagonist
motion sickness

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23
Q

ipratropium

A

COPD muscarinic antagonist
M1-M3 nonspecific

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24
Q

adrenaline

A

sympathomimetics
mix with local anesthetics to improve the duration
anaphylaxis

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25
Q

noradrenaline

A

sympathiomimetic

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26
Q

phentolamine

A

all alpha antagonist
lowers BP, promotes tachycardia
used to treat adrenal tumour

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27
Q

phenylephrine

A

alpha 1 agonist
increase BP but decrease heartrate
decongestant
mydriasis

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28
Q

prazosin

A

alpha 1 antagonist
less tachycardia because alpha 2 still works
urinary obstruction

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29
Q

clonidine

A

alpha 2 agonist

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30
Q

yohimbine

A

alpha 2 antagonist

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31
Q

isoproterenol/isoprenaline

A

all beta agonist
decrease BP, increase HR
cardiac stimulant
heart block

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32
Q

propranolol

A

all beta antagonist
hypertension, hyperthyroidism

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33
Q

dobutamine

A

beta 1 agonist
acute heart failure
cardiogenic shock

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34
Q

metoprolol

A

beta 1 antagonist

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35
Q

salbutamol

A

beta 2 agonist

36
Q

methylphenidate

A

amphetamine
increases NA release

37
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

affects secretion from ciliary body

38
Q

timolol

A

no local anesthetic effects
reduced secretion of aqueous humor, lowers IOP

39
Q

physostigmine

A

anticholinesterase
lower IOP

40
Q

cannabinoids

A

lower IOP
relaxing trabecular network

41
Q

anandamide

A

endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors

42
Q

salbutamol

A

beta 2 agonist
short acting 3-5 hours
asthma

43
Q

terbutaline

A

beta 2 agonist
short acting 3-5 hours
asthma

44
Q

salmeterol

A

beta 2 agonist
long-acting 8-12 hours
asthma

45
Q

formoterol

A

beta 2 agonist
long-acting 8-12 hours
dysrythmias , tachycardia, tremor
asthma

46
Q

theophylline

A

inhibits PDE, bronchodilation
inhibits adenosine receptors
inhibits release of calcium
CNS toxities and cardiovascular (+GI)
asthma

47
Q

aminophylline

A

inhibits PDE, bronchodilation
inhibits adenosine receptors
inhibits release of calcium
CNS toxities and cardiovascular (+GI)
asthma

48
Q

montelukast

A

cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist
asthma

49
Q

zafirlukast

A

cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist
asthma
inhibits CYP3A4

50
Q

beclometasone

A

glucocorticoid
anti-inflammatory
asthma

51
Q

budenoside

A

glucocorticoid
anti-inflammatory
asthma

52
Q

fluticasone

A

glucocorticoid
anti-inflammatory
asthma

53
Q

ciclesonide

A

glucocorticoid
anti-inflammatory
asthma

54
Q

prednisolone

A

glucocorticoid
anti-inflammatory
asthna

55
Q

omalizumab

A

anti-IgE treatment for asthma
anaphylaxis

56
Q

mepolizumab

A

IL-5 inhibition for asthma
adverse:headache, oropharyngeal pain, injection site rxs

57
Q

reslizumab

A

IL-5 inhibition for asthma

58
Q

tiotropium

A

inhaled anticholinergic for COPD
M3 selectivity

59
Q

roflumilast

A

phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for COPD
adverse: GI, weightloss, nausea

60
Q

levodopa

A

parkinsons
precursor to dopamine
penetratres BBB
1-3% enters brain
adverse: GI, cardio, DYSKENESIAS, behavior

61
Q

carbidopa

A

inhibits DDC
permits up to 10% of levodopa to enter brain

62
Q

sinemet

A

carbodopa + levidopa

63
Q

bromocriptine

A

D2 agonist
ergot
parkinsons
similar adverse to levodopa

64
Q

pergolide

A

D1 & D2 agonist
ergot
parkinsons

65
Q

pramipexole

A

non-ergot
parkinsons
dopamine agonist

66
Q

ropinirole

A

non-ergot
parkinsons
dopamine agonist

67
Q

selegiline

A

MAO blocker
parkinsons
used when levodopa effects start to decline

68
Q

rasagiline

A

MAO blocker
parkinsons
used when levodopa effects start to decline

69
Q

tolcapone

A

COMT inhibitor central and peripgheral parkinsons

70
Q

entacapone

A

peripheral COMT inhibitor pakinsons

71
Q

amantadine

A

NMDA blocker
parkinsons
antiviral agent

72
Q

biperiden

A

anticholinergic for parkinsons

73
Q

ophrenadine

A

anticholinergic for parkinsons

74
Q

trihexyphenidyl

A

anticholinergic for Parkinson’s

75
Q

phenytoin

A

antiseizure
Na/K channel block
blocks Ca conductance
general and GTC

76
Q

carbamazepine

A

antiseiure
trigeminal neuralgia
similar action as phenytoin
partial
related to tricyclic antidepressants

77
Q

phenobarbital

A

oldest seizure drug
used for <2 year olds
suppresses excitatory transmission
GABA

78
Q

ethosuximide

A

T-type channel inhibitoin
anti seizure
absence seizures

79
Q

valproic acid

A

increase NPY in brain
antiseizure
absense myoclonic primary MTC partial

80
Q

benzodiazepines

A

allosteric modulator of GABArs
status epileptucus

81
Q

clonazepam

A

benzodiazepine

82
Q

vigabatrin

A

inhibits GABA-transaminase
anti sezire
irreversible

83
Q

tiagabine

A

gaba REUPTAKE inhibitor for sesiures

84
Q

lamotrigine

A

add on therapy
rash in pediatric patients
acts like phenytoin

85
Q

felbamate

A

partially blocks NMDA receptors via glyxine
SERIOUS adverse effects

pmcol 343 (9 decks)

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