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Boeing 747 > Automatic Flight > Flashcards

Automatic Flight Flashcards

1
Q

Which modes do F/Ds activate in with Autopilot off?

A

Ground:

  • First F/D positioned ON arms:
    - roll mode: Takeoff/Go-Around (TO/GA)
    - pitch mode: TO/GA

Flight:

  • First F/D positioned ON activates
    - roll mode: HDG HOLD or ATT (if bank angel greater than 5º when activated)
    - pitch mode: V/S
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2
Q

When is Autothrottle (A/T) activated?

A

A/T Arm switch in ARM position and:

  • VNAV, FLCH, or TO/GA pushed
  • SPD switch pushed while pitch mode is ALT, V/S, or G/S
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3
Q

When does IAS/MACH window change from IAS to MACH?

A
  • In Climb IAS to MACH at approx .84 Mach
  • In Decent MACH to IAS at approx 310 knts

*can the select (SEL) switch to toggle between IAS and MACH

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4
Q

What determines Bank Limiter in AUTO?

A
  • bank varies between 15 - 25 degrees depending on TAS, flap position, and V2
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5
Q

With in how many degrees can localizer be captured in LOC?

A

Intercept track angle within 120 degrees of localizer course

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6
Q

How can LOC mode me deactivated after localizer capture?

A
  • selecting a roll mode other than LNAV
  • pushing TO/GO switch
  • disengage AP and turn F/Ds off
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7
Q

Flight Mode Annunciator (FMA) columns and colors

A

Columns: A/T | AFDS Roll Modes | AFDS Pitch Modes

Colors: white = armed, green = active

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8
Q

Autopilot Disengagement Switch

A

First Push:

  • disengages all autopilots
  • master warning illuminates
  • EICAS warning message
  • wailer aural warning (1 sec)

Second Push - resets:

  • master warning
  • EICAS warning message
  • aural warning
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9
Q

Components of Autopilot Flight Director System (AFDS)

A
  • 3 Flight Control Computers (FCCs) - left, center, and right
  • FCCs control separate hydraulically powered A/P servos (L FCC —> L HYD servo, C FCC —> C HYD servo, R FCC —> R HYD servo)
  • Mode Control Panel (MCP)
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10
Q

AFDS Status Annunciations

A

FD: FD ON and AP not engaged
CMD: AP engaged
LAND 3: 3 APs engaged and operating normally for autoland
LAND 2: AFDS redundancy reduced
NO AUTOLAND: AFDS is unable to perform Autoland

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11
Q

When does ROLLOUT become armed and active?

A

Armed - below 1,500’ RA

Active - below 5’
*after touchdown AFDS uses rudder and nosewheel steering to maintain localizer centerline

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12
Q

What does TO/GA command for pitch during takeoff?

A

On ground: Initial 8º pitch for rotation
*TO/GA pitch become active after rotation

After takeoff AFDS commands pitch to maintain:

 - target speed of V2 plus 10 knts or rotation speed plus 10 knts, whichever is greater (limited to V2 plus 25)
 - IAS/MACH speed if speed is greater that target

If engine failure occurs:
- target speed of V2 or rotation speed (limited to V2 plus 10)

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13
Q

What does the AFDS command for windshear recovery?

A

After pressing TO/GA:

  • initial pitch of 15º or slightly below pitch limit
  • with increasing climb rate command transitions from pitch to airspeed control
  • target airspeed is IAS/MACH or current airspeed when TO/GA activated, whichever is greater
  • if AP not engaged aircraft my be flown manually following FDs
  • if A/T not engaged throttles must be advanced manually
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14
Q

What protections are provided my automatic flight control system?

A

1) Stall Protection
- prevents speed reduction below minimum maneuvering speed

2) Overspeed Protection
- prevents exceeding maximum operating, gear extended, or flap placard speed
* FMC provided minimum and maximum speeds with a 5knt margin
* if FMC is unavailable speeds are provided by internal FCC speed limits
* spreed protection not available in V/S or during engine failure above min engine out altitude

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15
Q

Thrust (THR) switch

A
  • switch operative at 400’
  • after takeoff in VNAV or FLCH; change reference thrust limit to armed climb thrust limit; or CON if engine inoperative
  • after go-around, changes reference thrust limit to CLB, or CON if engine inoperative

With light on:
- changes A/T mode to THR REF

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16
Q

What happens when you push IAS/MACH selector with VNAV active

A
  • opens or closes IAS/MACH window
  • closed: FMC computes target speed
  • open: FMC speed-intervention is active and command speed can be selected
    * if in VNAV PATH ——> VNAV SPD
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17
Q

When does LNAV activate?

A
  • above 50’

- within 2.5 NM of active leg

18
Q

When would LNAV deactivate?

A
  • selecting HDG SEL or HDG HOLD
  • TO/GA
  • disengaging AP and selecting both FDs OFF
  • loc captures
  • dual FMC failure
19
Q

VNAV Pitch modes

A

VNAV Speed: AFDS commands pitch to hold target speed
*A/T: THR REF, THR, IDLE or HOLD
VNAV PTH: AFDS company’s pitch to maintain FMC target altitude or path
*A/T: SPD
VNAV ALT: AFDS commands pitch to maintain MCP altitude
*A/T: SPD

20
Q

FLCH switch

A
  • AFDS pitches to hold selected speed
  • A/T operates in THR
  • A/T modulates thrust levers to give 500 fpm for each 1000’ altitude change
  • AFDS attempts to reach MCP altitude within 2 mins if thrust is avail
21
Q

When does G/S capture?

A
  • loc captured

- intercept track angle within 80º of loc course

22
Q

How to deselect Approach after LOC and G/S capture

A
  • selecting TO/GA

- disengaging AP and FDs

23
Q

How are mode changes emphasized on the FMA?

A

Green box around mode for 10 sec

24
Q

Auto Throttle Active Modes

A

5 modes

  • THR
  • THR REF
  • HOLD
  • IDLE
  • SPD
25
Q

AFDS Active Roll Modes

A

7 modes

  • HDG HOLD
  • HDG SEL
  • LNAV
  • ATT
  • LOC
  • ROLLOUT
  • TO/GA
26
Q

AFDS ACTIVE PITCH MODES

A

9 modes

  • TO/GA
  • ALT
  • V/S
  • VNAV PTH
  • VNAV SPD
  • VNAV ALT
  • G/S
  • FLARE
  • FLCH SPD
27
Q

When is A/T operation inhibited on the ground

A

50 knts until 400’

28
Q

Pushing TO/GA on approach

A

First Push:

  • activates A/T in THR (GA is ref limit)
  • thrust adjust to provide min 2000 fpm climb
  • TO/GA roll and pitch modes
  • activates F/D if no AP or F/D active

Second Push:
- activates A/T in THR REF to GA ref thrust

29
Q

When do Auto Throttles disconnect

A
  • fault in the active auto throttle mode
  • reverse thrust lever to reverse idle
  • dual FMC failure
  • Two or more engine shutdown
  • FMC selector switch (can be reactivated)
30
Q

TO/GA armed in flight

A
  • Flaps out of up

- G/S captured

31
Q

Bottom of Amber bar (Max maneuvering speed)

A
  • 1.3g maneuver capability to high speed buffet

* 1.3g maneuver capability occurs at 40º of bank in level flight

32
Q

When are Derated Climb thrusts removed?

A
  • CLB 1 uses 10% derate of CLB thrust to 10,000’
  • CLB 2 uses 20% derate of CLB thrust to 10,000’
  • thrust increases linearly with altitude to CLB thrust at 15,000’
33
Q

Top of the Amber Bar (minimum maneuvering speed)

A
  1. 3g maneuver capability:
    - to stick shaker with flaps down
    - to stick shaker or Vref+80, whichever is less, with flaps up below 20,000’
    - to low speed buffet, with flaps up above 20,000’

*1.3g maneuver capability occurs at 40º of bank in level flight

34
Q

What does Maximum Speed indicate (bottoms of red tape)?

A
  • Vmo/Mmo
  • landing gear placard speed
  • flap placard speed
35
Q

What does Minimum Speed indicate (top of red tape)

A
  • airspeed where stick shaker or low speed buffet occurs
36
Q

Phases of Flight

A

Takeoff:
TO/GA selected ——> thrust reduction

Climb:
thrust reduction ——> top of climb

Cruise:
Top of climb ——> top of descent

Descent:
Top of descent ——> approach phase

Approach:
First waypoint of the procedure sequences or within 25 NM with runway as active waypoint

Flight Complete:
30 seconds after engine shutdown

37
Q

AFDS status annunciations

A

5 modes

FD - FD ON and AP not engaged
CMD - autopilot engaged
LAND 3 - 3 APs engaged and operating normally
LAND 2 - 2 APs available; AFDS redundancy reduced
NO AUTOLAND - AFDS unable to make autoland

38
Q

When is ROLLOUT armed and active?

A

Armed - 1,500’
Active - below 5’

  • AFDS uses rudder and nose wheel steering to maintain loc centerline
39
Q

Which ways can CON thrust be selected?

A
  • THR after engine out
  • CDU Thrust Limit page
  • VNAV EO page
  • automatically set with flaps up and Vref + 98
40
Q

What flight controls do the autopilots command when A/P is activated?

A

Single A/P - ailerons and elevators

Multi A/P approach - Ailerons, elevators, and rudder
* nosewheel steering added during ROLLOUT for autoland

41
Q

Describe Autopilot control during LAND 2 or LAND 3

A
  • APs control rudder during autoland (multi A/P approaches) to compensate for crosswind and engine out
  • rudder control active when LAND 2 or LAND 3 annunciated

Crosswinds requiring more that 10º crab:
- 500’: runway alignment with 5º side slip (config maintain until landing)

Crosswinds requiring between 5º and 10º crab:

  • 500’: initial runway alignment
  • 200’: second alignment to increase side slip and reduce crab angle

Crosswinds requiring less than 5º crab:
- 200’: runway alignment where side slip introduced

Engine Failure:
- sideslip and wings level config start at 1,300’ or when engine failure occurs

During Rollout:
- A/P uses rudder and steering to track localizer centerline

Boeing 747 (21 decks)

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