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DL 7ER > Automatic Flight > Flashcards

Automatic Flight Flashcards

0
Q

What are the methods to engage autothrottles (A/T) with the A/T Arm switch ON?

A 
N1/ EPR
SPD
VNAV
FL CH
Pressing either G/A switch on the thrust levers
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1
Q

Which roll mode is affected by the bank angle selector?

A

Heading select (HDG SEL).

The bank angle selector will vary aircraft bank angle automatically in AUTO as a function of true airspeed, or will make the selected bank angle the maximum bank angle regardless of true airspeed.

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2
Q

What are the methods to disengage the autothrottles?

A
  • A/T Arm switch OFF
  • Pressing the thrust lever A/T disconnect switch, a second press clears the EICAS AUTOTHROT DISC message
  • Engaging reverse thrust
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3
Q

Will manually overriding autothrottle commanded thrust lever position disengage autothrottles?

A

No.

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4
Q

What does the color green represent in the FMA?

A

Mode is active.

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5
Q

What does a green box represent in the FMA?

A

Mode change emphasis, displays for 10 seconds.

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6
Q

What does the color white represent in the FMA?

A

Mode is armed.

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7
Q

Where are the localizer, glide slope pointers, and deviation scales displayed?

A
  • On the ADI
  • On the HSI (in full or expanded mode)
  • Standby ADI with the standby ILS selected
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8
Q

What are the different meanings of the AFDS (automatic flight director system) annunciations CMD and FD?

A

CMD- “command,” an autopilot is engaged.

FD- “flight director,” the FD on the associated side is turned on.

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9
Q

Explain the flight director pitch command during takeoff.

A

The FD indicates an initial pitch of 8 degrees. After takeoff, the AFDS commands a pitch to maintain an automatically calculated desired speed based on the speed set in the IAS/Mach window. Once a pilot selects a new IAS/Mach speed, the FD commands a pitch to maintain the new speed. AFDS uses bugged speed prior to takeoff for V2.

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10
Q

Explain the flight director roll commands during takeoff.

A

Maintains ground track until a new roll mode is selected.

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11
Q

Explain the flight director pitch commands during go-around.

A

When a GA is initiated, the commanded speed is the higher of the MCP IAS/Mach window or current airspeed. If the airspeed increases and remains above the target airspeed for 5 sec, target airspeed resets to current, up to a max of the bugged speed plus 25kts. If airspeed at GA initiation is higher than bugged+25, then that IAS is maintained.

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12
Q

Explain the flight director roll commands during a go-around.

A

In flight, GA arms with flaps out of ‘up’ or at glide slope capture. There is no FMA for GA armed in flight; although the reference thrust limit changes to GA. GA is activated in flight by pushing a GA switch. The roll steering indication provides guidance to maintain the ground track present at mode engagement.

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13
Q

During go-around, are new pitch or roll mode selections inhibited?

A

Yes, inhibited below 400ft RA.

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14
Q

How do you manually disengage the autopilot?

A
  • the autopilot disengage bar on the MCP

- the control wheel autopilot disengage switch

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15
Q

What does a steady red A/P DISC light on the center forward panel mean?

A
  • An autopilot has been automatically or manually disconnected.
  • Extinguished by pushing either control column autopilot disengage switch. This also silences the aural warning.
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16
Q

What are the indications of the autopilot in a degraded mode?

A

Amber illuminated AUTO PILOT light.
-a degraded operating condition exists in engaged autopilot
-extinguished when condition is corrected or an alternate is selected, provided fault isn’t common to alternate autopilot.
Continued ops with a degraded AP may result in a dangerous situation.

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17
Q

What are the indications when the autothrottle is disengaged?

A

Amber illuminated A/T DISC light.

  • autothrottle has disconnected
  • extinguished by pushing either autothrottle disconnect switch
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18
Q

What does a steady amber FMC light mean on the center forward panel?

A
  • CDU is displaying an operationally significant message in the scratchpad
  • pushing CDU CLR key extinguishes the light and clears the scratchpad message
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19
Q

Where is the slip/skid indicator located?

A

At the bottom of the ADI.

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20
Q

What four flight mode annunciator categories are displayed on the ADI?

A
  • Autothrottle
  • Pitch
  • Roll
  • AFDS status
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21
Q

What does the SPD flight mode annunciation signify?

A

Autothrottle controlling thrust to maintain speed selected in IAS/ Mach or, if VNAV engaged, the speed as programmed by the FMC.

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22
Q

What does the IDLE flight mode annunciation signify?

A

Autothrottle is reducing or has reduced thrust to flight idle.

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23
Q

What does the THR HOLD flight mode annunciation signify?

A

Thrust levers remain in existing position or where manually placed.

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24
Q

What do the N1/EPR flight mode annunciations signify?

A

Autothrottle controlling to the selected N1/EPR reference thrust.

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25
Q

What does the FLCH flight mode annunciation signify?

A

Autothrottle controlling to a maximum of the selected mode reference thrust during climb, and to a minimum thrust during descent.

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26
Q

What does the GA flight mode annunciation signify?

A

Autothrottle controlling to a maximum reference thrust to maintain a climb rate of at least 2,000fpm. If both flight directors and the autopilot are off, autothrottle controls to GA reference thrust subject to flap and VMO limit speeds.

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27
Q

What does the LNAV flight mode annunciation signify?

A

In white, LNAV is armed to activate when parameters are met.

In green, LNAV is active. Activates when in position to turn onto the active route leg. In flight, selection causes immediate activation if within 2.5nm of the active leg.

28
Q

What does the HDG SEL flight mode annunciation signify?

A

Airplane turns to or maintains the heading selected in the MCP heading window.

29
Q

What does the HDG HOLD flight mode annunciation signify?

A

AFDS holds present heading. When turning, AFDS holds the heading reached after rolling wings level.

30
Q

What does the LOC flight mode annunciation signify?

A

Armed- AFDS captures the localizer when within range and within 120 degrees of the localizer course.

Active- AFDS follows the localizer course.

31
Q

What does the B/CRS flight mode annunciation signify?

A

Armed- AFDS is armed to capture and track inbound on back course of localizer after localizer capture.

Active- AFDS tracks inbound on back course of localizer.

32
Q

Explain the TO flight mode annunciation.

A
  • on the ground, TO annunciates by selecting either F/D switch ON whn both flight directors are OFF.
  • TO roll and pitch guidance become active at lift-off
33
Q

Explain the GA flight mode annunciation.

A

GA arms automatically in flight with flaps out of up or at glideslope capture. There is no FMA for GA armed in flight, although the reference thrust limit changes to GA. Go-Around is activated in flight by pushing a GA switch. The roll steering indication provides guidance to maintain the ground track present at mode engagement.

34
Q

Explain the ROLLOUT mode of the FMA.

A

Armed- displays below 1500ft RA and activates below 5ft.

Active- after touchdown, AFDS uses rudder and nose wheel steering to steer the airplane on the localizer centerline.

35
Q

On the ground, how is the TO flight mode selected and annunciated?

A

TO annunciates by selecting either F/D switch ON when both flight directors are OFF. The flight director pitch bar indicates an initial pitch of approximately 8 degrees up.

36
Q

Explain how the AFDS commands pitch with relation to airspeed after takeoff with relation to the TO mode.

A

After takeoff, the AFDS commands a pitch attitude to maintain:

  • pitch command greater of V2+15kts or liftoff speed +15kts
  • if current airspeed remains above target speed for more than 5sec, target airspeed resets to current airspeed, to a max of V2+25kts
  • IAS/Mach window speed if it is changed to a speed greater than target
37
Q

What does the AFDS use for V2 prior to takeoff?

A

The speed set in the IAS/Mach window.

38
Q

When is GA mode armed?

A

Once the thrust reference has changed from takeoff to climb, GA arms whenever the flaps are out of up or at glideslope capture.

39
Q

Once a go-around is initiated, what speed is commanded by the AFDS?

A

The MCP IAS/Mach window speed or current airspeed, whichever is higher. If the speed increases and remains above the initial target airspeed for 5sec, target airspeed resets to current airspeed to a max of the IAS/Mach window speed + 25kts. If airspeed at initiation of the GA is greater than the window speed + 25, that speed is maintained. GA displays on the EICAS as reference thrust limit.

40
Q

What does selecting VNAV on the MCP do?

A

The light illuminates and VNAV PTH or VNAV SPD annunciates on the FMA pitch mode annunciator in white characters below the current (active) pitch mode. VNAV provides pitch commands to maintain the FMC computed airspeed or path.

41
Q

How does VNAV SPD work?

A

The AFDS maintains the FMC speed displayed on the FMA and/or the CDU CLIMB or DESCENT pages. During speed intervention, use the MCP IAS/Mach selector to manually set the speed.

42
Q

How does VNAV PTH work?

A

The AFDS maintains FMC altitude or descent path with pitch commands. For a non-entered headwind, thrust may increase to maintain the VNAV descent path. If the MCP altitude window is set to the current cruise altitude as the airplane approaches top of descent, the CDU scratchpad message RESET MCP ALT displays.

43
Q

When a VNAV descent is initiated before the top of descent and the airplane descent path subsequently intercepts the VNAV descent path, does the pitch annunciation change?

A

Yes, from VNAV SPD to VNAV PTH.

44
Q

What does pushing the V/S (vertical speed) switch do?

A

Opens the vertical speed window and displays the current vertical speed. It also opens the IAS/MACH window (if blanked). Pitch commands maintain the rate of climb or descent selected in the V/S window.

45
Q

What does pushing the SPD switch do?

A

Opens the IAS/Mach window (if blanked). Pitch commands maintain IAS or Mach selected in the window.

46
Q

What is ALT CAP on the FMA?

A

A transition maneuver entered automatically from a V/S, FLCH, or VNAV climb or descent to selected MCP altitude. Engages but does not annunciate during VNAV transition.

47
Q

How is the ALT HOLD mode activated?

A
  • pushing the MCP altitude HOLD switch, or
  • capturing the selected altitude from a VS or FLCH climb or descent, or
  • during VNAV climb/descent, capturing MCP prior to reaching the active FMC altitude.
48
Q

How does the G/S pitch mode work?

A

When armed via selecting APP, AFDS captures the glideslope when within range and within 80 degrees of the localizer course.

When active, AFDS follows the glideslope path.

49
Q

How does FLARE mode work?

A

During autoland, FLARE displays as armed below 1500RA.

Goes active during autoland at 45’(757) or 50’(767).

Deactivates at touchdown.

50
Q

What does LAND 3 on the Autoland Status Annunciator (ASA) mean?

A

The aircraft is below 1500 RA, APP mode is active, and the ASA shows the aircraft systems are acceptable for CAT III operations.

51
Q

What does LAND 2 on the Autoland Status Annunciator (ASA) mean?

A

The aircraft is below 1500 RA, APP mode is active, and the ASA shows the aircraft systems are acceptable for CAT II ops.

Note: 2 units nose up bias trim is applied prior to landing which may affect manual landing if autopilot is disconnected.

52
Q

What does NO AUTOLND on the Autoland Status Annunciator (ASA) mean?

A

Can appear anytime, the aircraft systems are not acceptable for autoland operations.

53
Q

When Approach is selected, (LOC/GS armed), which mode captures first?

A

Either localizer or glideslope can be captured first. GS capture is NOT predicated on prior LOC capture.

54
Q

When flying a back course approach, which roll mode(s) do you arm, and in what order?

A

Select B/CRS first, then LOC.

55
Q

Does selecting the N1/EPR switch control thrust or speed?

A

Thrust.

56
Q

How does FL CH mode handle small altitude changes?

A

It utilizes a “2 minute rule” (125 seconds) to prevent the autothrottles from performing a full EPR climb or flight idle descent for a small altitude change.

57
Q

What are the ‘gotchas’ to using the vertical speed mode?

A

It has no overspeed or stall protection, and can fly the aircraft away from an MCP selected altitude.

58
Q

What are the two ways speed is controlled in VNAV?

A
  • through the FMS

- using speed intervention

59
Q

When LNAV is active, does selecting bank angle have an effect?

A

No, selecting LNAV allows the FMS to control the aircraft’s lateral navigation and bank angle.

60
Q

What is the function of the HDG HOLD switch?

A
  • Pushing selects HDG HOLD roll mode and displays on each FMA
  • AFDS rolls wings level, then holds present heading
61
Q

What is the function of the ALT HOLD switch?

A
  • Pushing selects ALT HOLD pitch mode, displays on FMA

- AFDS commands pitch to maintain the altitude the aircraft was at when the switch was selected

62
Q

If both Flight Director switches are off, what happens when you select G/A?

A

The flight director command bars will appear.

63
Q

When is the V/S wheel active?

A

Only when the V/S window is open.

64
Q

What happens if you engage an autopilot while in takeoff or go-around mode?

A

Vertical speed (V/S) and heading hold (HDG HOLD) engage as pitch and roll modes.

65
Q

After localizer OR glideslope has captured, how can another pitch or roll mode be engaged?

A

LOC captured, G/S armed - select another roll mode
G/S captured, LOC armed - select another pitch mode
LOC and/or G/S captured - select G/A
LOC and/or G/S captured - disengage autopilot, turn both F/D switches off then on, then select desired pitch and roll modes

66
Q

If neither the localizer or glideslope have captured, how can the approach mode be disarmed?

A
  • Push the approach switch a second time to deselect

- Select other pitch or roll mode

67
Q

Once both the localizer AND glideslope are captured, how can they be deactivated?

A
  • by disengaging the autopilot and turning both flight directors off
  • by selecting GA mode

DL 7ER (17 decks)

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