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Pharm 1 > Autocoids and therapy of migraines > Flashcards

Autocoids and therapy of migraines Flashcards

1
Q

histamine releasers

A

Morphine, d-tubocurarine, vancomycin, succinylcholine

Heat, cold, exposure to sunlight & X-rays

Insect bites/ stings, venoms

*** may lead to anaphylaxis, side effects, allergies

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2
Q

anaphylactic shock

A

bronchospasms, angioneurotic edema, and hypotension (due to release, and effects of histamine)

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3
Q

drug of choice against anaphylactic shock

A

epinephrine

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4
Q

Histamine release inhibitors

A

β2 agonist- Albuterol, Epinephrine

Mast cell membrane stabilizers- sodium cromoglycate

***Used in bronchial asthma

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5
Q

H1 blockers are used in

A

allergic conditions

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6
Q

H2 blockers are used in

A

peptic ulcer

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7
Q

H1 receptor mediated actions

A

Smooth muscles: bronchoconstriction

Exocrine glands: ↑ secretion

** Postsynaptic H1 in CNS: maintenance of wakefulness

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8
Q

H1 & H2 receptor mediated actions

A

fall i BP, ↑ cap permeability, headache: due to release of EDRF (NO)**

flush, wheel, flare

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9
Q

H2 receptor mediated actions

A

H2 receptor on gastric parietal cells

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10
Q

H3 receptor mediated actions

A

feedback inhibitors

release of histamine, NE & Ach

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11
Q

First generation H1 receptor antagonists

A

High permeability to BBB

More sedating

antimuscarinic side effects (dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation)

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12
Q

Second generation H1 receptor antagonists

A

selective H1 antagonism

Poor permeability to BBB (non-/less sedating)

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13
Q

First generation H1 receptor antagonist examples

A

Dimenhydrinate Diphenhydramine

HIGHLY SEDATIVE, antimotion sickness, antiemetic, sleep aid

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14
Q

Second generation H1 receptor antagonist examples

A

Fexofenadine
Cetrizine
Loratadine Desloratadine

(NON-SEDATING, more potent, longer acting, no/minimal anticholinergic effects )

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15
Q

Vertigo (Meniere’s disease)

A

cinnarizine

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16
Q

COX 1

A

constitutive

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17
Q

COX 2

A

inducible

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18
Q

PGI2 causes

A

vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation

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19
Q

TXA2 causes

A

vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation

20
Q

PGE2 keeps

A

the ductus arteriosus patent

21
Q

PGE2 in the hypothalamus causes

A

pyrogen induced fever

22
Q

Medical termination of pregnancy (up to 56 days of pregnancy)

A

Misoprostol (PGE1 analogue)

23
Q

Induction/ augmentation of labor/mid term abortion/ softening or ripening of cervix

A

Dinoprostone (PGE2 analogue)

Gemeprost (PGE1 analogue)

24
Q

Post-partum hemorrhage

A

Carboprost (PGF2α analogue)

25
Q

Peptic ulcer due to NSAIDs use

A

Misoprostol (PGE1 analogue)

26
Q

Glaucoma

A

Latanoprost

27
Q

To avoid platelet damage

A

PGI2 (Epoprostenol)

28
Q

Impotence

A

sildenafil/ tadalafil

29
Q

aspirin in low dose

A

used to inhibit platelets in MI patients

30
Q

aspirin in high dose

A

inhibits TXA2 in platelets (anti-platelet effect)

31
Q

NSAIDs

A

relieve musculoskeletal inflammatory pain very well (↓ inflammation, ↓ sensitization)

32
Q

useful in bronchial asthma

A

Zilueton and LTC4 and D4 receptor blockers (Zafirlukast & montelukast)

33
Q

classical migraine

A

migraine with aura

34
Q

common migraine

A

migraine without aura

35
Q

The Vascular theory

A

initial vasoconstriction -> cerebral ischemia -> vasodilation

36
Q

Buspirone

A

partial agonist of 5-HT1A receptor

anti-anxiety drug

37
Q

sumatriptan

A

selective 5-HT1D/1B agonist

antimigraine drug

induce vasoconstriction

Side effect:
• Coronary vasospasm (contraindicated in patients with CAD or Prinzmetal angina)

38
Q

Cisapride and renzapride

A

selective 5-HT4 agonists

prokinetic drugs

39
Q

metoclopramide

A

5-HT4 agonist,
5-HT3 & D2 antagonist

antiemetic

40
Q

Ondansetron

A

selective 5-HT3 antagonist

** antiemetic in cancer chemotherapy induced nausea & vomiting

41
Q

Clozapine

A

5-HT2A/2C antagonist

antipsychotic

42
Q

SSRIs

A

fluoxetine

antidepressants

43
Q

Ergotamine, Dihydroergotamine

A

partial agonists at α adrenergic and 5-HT1, and 5HT2 receptors

44
Q

Propranolol

A

β blockers

45
Q

Amitriptyline

A

tricyclic antidepressants

46
Q

Flunarizine

A

Ca2+ channel blockers

Pharm 1 (8 decks)

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