antihypertensive

Question 1

Blood Pressures

Answer 1

Normal:
120/80

Prehypertension:
120-139/80-89

stage 1:
140-159/90-99

stage 2:
over 160/over 100

Question 2

hypertension (HTN):

Answer 2

• Sympathetic over activity

* Overactive renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 3

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

Answer 3

-prils

Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril

Question 4

Angiotensin Antagonists (AT1 blockers)

Answer 4

-sartans

Losartan

Question 5

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 5

-dipines

Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine

Question 6

Beta- Adrenergic blockers

Answer 6

-olols

Propranolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, acebutolol, esmolol

Question 7

alpha1 adrenergic blockers

Answer 7

-zosins

Prazosin, doxazosin

Question 8

Dopamine D1 agonist

Answer 8

Fenoldopam

Question 9

Renin Inhibitor

Answer 9

Aliskiren

Question 10

ACE inhibitors Mechanism

Answer 10

inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II

find an increase in: angiotensin 1, angiotensinogen, and renin

leading to a fall in BP

Question 11

Contraindications of ACE Inhibitors

Answer 11

• Pregnancy

* Renal artery stenosis

Question 12

ACE Inhibitors adverse drug effects

Answer 12

Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
***Dry cough

Question 13

Angiotensin receptor antagonists

Answer 13

Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
NO DRY COUGH

Question 14

Do not combine ACE inhibitors or Angiotensin receptor blockers with K+ sparing diuretics

Answer 14

cardiac arrhythmias may occur because of hyperkalemia

Question 15

L-type blockers

Answer 15

Nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil

Question 16

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 16

Verapamil

Diltiazem

Dihydropyridines (ex. nifedipine)

Question 17

Verapamil

Answer 17

cardiac cells

angina and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

veraPAMil: Pacemaker Activity Minimized

Question 18

Diltiazem

Answer 18

cardiac and smooth muscle cells

hypertension

DIltiazem: di = both

Question 19

nifedipine

Answer 19

vascular smooth muscle cells

angina, hypertension

nifeDIPine: Decrease In Pressure

Question 20

Amlodipine

Answer 20

very long half-life

Question 21

Diuretics ↓C. O.

Answer 21

maintained by compensatory mechanism

in chronic use: decrease t.p.r.

Question 22

Carvedilol

Answer 22

mainly used in heart failure

Question 23

Labetalol

Answer 23

used in gestational HTN

Question 24

Pregnancy induced hypertension

Answer 24

drugs used are: 
Nifedipine, 
Labetalol, 
Methyldopa, 
Hydralazine 

( N Lowers Maternal Hypertension)

Question 25

Clonidine

Answer 25

** useful in the treatment of hypertension complicated by renal disease

Question 26

Methyldopa

Answer 26

used for management of hypertension in pregnancy

Question 27

Hydralazine

Answer 27

** dilates arteries & arterioles

ADR: lupus-like syndrome

Question 28

Minoxidil

Answer 28

causes hyperpolarization by opening K+ channels

arteriolar dilator

Question 29

PD

Answer 29

** Dilates both arterioles and venules

can be converted to cyanide or thiocyanide

Question 30

given to ↓ toxicity

Answer 30

Sodium nitrite + sodium thiosulfate

or

hydroxocobalamin

Question 31

Fenoldopam

Answer 31

selective D1 receptor agonist

used in hypertensive emergencies

Question 32

Aliskiren

Answer 32

directly inhibits renin

Question 33

First line drugs

Answer 33

ACE inhibitors/AT1 antagonists, Diuretics, CCBs

** Start with a single drug

Question 34

Goals of BP reduction

Answer 34

<140/90 mmHg

In elderly patients:
<150/90

Question 35

Hypertensive emergency (formerly called malignant hypertension)

Answer 35

systolic >180 mm Hg and/or diastolic > 120 mm Hg

WITH evidence of impending or progressive target organ damage

Question 36

Drugs used in Hypertensive emergency

Answer 36

** sodium nitroprusside

nitroglycerin