Auditory

Question 1

Energy is proportional to?

Answer 1

Pressure squared

Question 2

What is the transformer ratio?

Answer 2

18.2

Question 3

What is the the equation for the transformer ratio?

Answer 3

P stapes / P drum = A drum / A stapes x L drum / L stapes

Question 4

What is the air cell system?

Answer 4

Acoustic damping layer to reduce middle ear resonance

Question 5

What makes up the scala media?

Answer 5

Reissners membrane and basilar membrane

Question 6

Where is basilar membrane the most compliant?

Answer 6

Apex

Question 7

What secretes endolymph?

Answer 7

Stria vascularis

Question 8

What does scala T/V contain?

Answer 8

Perilymph

Question 9

Which hair cells have efferent fibres from the brain?

Answer 9

Outer

Question 10

What hair cells go to the brain?

Answer 10

Inner

Question 11

What is composition of endolymph?

Answer 11

Low Na and Ca, high K and Cl

Question 12

PD across hair cells?

Answer 12

-170mV

Question 13

What is current in hair cells carried by?

Answer 13

K

Question 14

What is transmitter onto VIII from inner hair cells?

Answer 14

Glutamate

Question 15

Which hair cells lengthen in response to hyperpol?

Answer 15

Outer

Question 16

What is presbycusis?

Answer 16

Outer hair cells die from the high frequency end

Question 17

What is Menieres disease?

Answer 17

Too much endolymph enlarges scala media

Question 18

How many lines of outer hair cells?

Answer 18

3

Question 19

Below what frequency is frequency encoded by place code and periodicity code?

Answer 19

4kHz

Question 20

Where do auditory nerve fibres enter the brain?

Answer 20

Medulla

Question 21

Where do auditory nerve fibres terminate?

Answer 21

Dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

Question 22

What is the lower site where neurones are influenced by both ears?

Answer 22

Superior olivary

Question 23

From the MGB of thalamus where do auditory fibres go?

Answer 23

Primary auditory cortex on the superior temporal gyrus

Question 24

What is anomia?

Answer 24

Loss of certain words but not what they mean

Question 25

What is Broca's area for?

Answer 25

Speech production

Question 26

What is Wenike's area for?

Answer 26

Speech understanding

Question 27

What part of pathway does sound localisation occur in?

Answer 27

Lower pathway

Question 28

What frequencies are phase difference useful at?

Answer 28

Low medium

Question 29

Why is intensity difference frequency-dependent?

Answer 29

At low frequencies it is close to head size so get bending and no intensity difference

Question 30

Which ear are lateral dendrites in the medial superior olive from?

Answer 30

Ipsilateral ear

Question 31

Which ear are medial dendrites in the medial superior olive from?

Answer 31

Contralateral ear

Question 32

What does medial superior olive respond to?

Answer 32

Time difference

Question 33

What does lateral superior olive respond to?

Answer 33

Intensity difference

Question 34

Which ear excites the lateral superior olive?

Answer 34

Ipsilateral

Question 35

Which ear inhibits the lateral superior olive?

Answer 35

Contralateral

Question 36

What is Jeffress' model of interaural time delays?

Answer 36

Only fire when R and L arrive simultaneously

Question 37

What is the minimum detectable interaural intensity difference?

Answer 37

1dB

Question 38

What is the primary auditory cortex needed for?

Answer 38

Temporal pattern of stimuli, not frequency distribution

Question 39

What is a kinocilium?

Answer 39

Large cilia

Question 40

Why does K+ enter the hair cell?

Answer 40

Endolymphatic potential - charge only

Question 41

What is an air cell system?

Answer 41

Acoustic damping layer to reduce middle ear resonance

Question 42

How many hair cells are open at rest?

Answer 42

15%

Question 43

Where are the VCN and DCN?

Answer 43

The medulla

Question 44

What does the uncrossed pathway to the thalamsus travel in?

Answer 44

The brachium fo the inferior colliculus

Question 45

Why is phase different ambiguous at higher frequencies?

Answer 45

Phase differene exceeds one cycle

Question 46

In which brain area do cells have receptive fields in auditory space?

Answer 46

Deep superior colliculus

Question 47

What makes up the organ of Corti?

Answer 47

tectorial + basilar + hair cells