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NAB > Auditory > Flashcards

Auditory Flashcards

1
Q

Energy is proportional to?

A

Pressure squared

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2
Q

What is the transformer ratio?

A

18.2

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3
Q

What is the the equation for the transformer ratio?

A

P stapes / P drum = A drum / A stapes x L drum / L stapes

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4
Q

What is the air cell system?

A

Acoustic damping layer to reduce middle ear resonance

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5
Q

What makes up the scala media?

A

Reissners membrane and basilar membrane

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6
Q

Where is basilar membrane the most compliant?

A

Apex

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7
Q

What secretes endolymph?

A

Stria vascularis

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8
Q

What does scala T/V contain?

A

Perilymph

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9
Q

Which hair cells have efferent fibres from the brain?

A

Outer

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10
Q

What hair cells go to the brain?

A

Inner

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11
Q

What is composition of endolymph?

A

Low Na and Ca, high K and Cl

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12
Q

PD across hair cells?

A

-170mV

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13
Q

What is current in hair cells carried by?

A

K

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14
Q

What is transmitter onto VIII from inner hair cells?

A

Glutamate

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15
Q

Which hair cells lengthen in response to hyperpol?

A

Outer

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16
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

Outer hair cells die from the high frequency end

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17
Q

What is Menieres disease?

A

Too much endolymph enlarges scala media

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18
Q

How many lines of outer hair cells?

A

3

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19
Q

Below what frequency is frequency encoded by place code and periodicity code?

A

4kHz

20
Q

Where do auditory nerve fibres enter the brain?

A

Medulla

21
Q

Where do auditory nerve fibres terminate?

A

Dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

22
Q

What is the lower site where neurones are influenced by both ears?

A

Superior olivary

23
Q

From the MGB of thalamus where do auditory fibres go?

A

Primary auditory cortex on the superior temporal gyrus

24
Q

What is anomia?

A

Loss of certain words but not what they mean

25
Q

What is Broca’s area for?

A

Speech production

26
Q

What is Wenike’s area for?

A

Speech understanding

27
Q

What part of pathway does sound localisation occur in?

A

Lower pathway

28
Q

What frequencies are phase difference useful at?

A

Low medium

29
Q

Why is intensity difference frequency-dependent?

A

At low frequencies it is close to head size so get bending and no intensity difference

30
Q

Which ear are lateral dendrites in the medial superior olive from?

A

Ipsilateral ear

31
Q

Which ear are medial dendrites in the medial superior olive from?

A

Contralateral ear

32
Q

What does medial superior olive respond to?

A

Time difference

33
Q

What does lateral superior olive respond to?

A

Intensity difference

34
Q

Which ear excites the lateral superior olive?

A

Ipsilateral

35
Q

Which ear inhibits the lateral superior olive?

A

Contralateral

36
Q

What is Jeffress’ model of interaural time delays?

A

Only fire when R and L arrive simultaneously

37
Q

What is the minimum detectable interaural intensity difference?

A

1dB

38
Q

What is the primary auditory cortex needed for?

A

Temporal pattern of stimuli, not frequency distribution

39
Q

What is a kinocilium?

A

Large cilia

40
Q

Why does K+ enter the hair cell?

A

Endolymphatic potential - charge only

41
Q

What is an air cell system?

A

Acoustic damping layer to reduce middle ear resonance

42
Q

How many hair cells are open at rest?

A

15%

43
Q

Where are the VCN and DCN?

A

The medulla

44
Q

What does the uncrossed pathway to the thalamsus travel in?

A

The brachium fo the inferior colliculus

45
Q

Why is phase different ambiguous at higher frequencies?

A

Phase differene exceeds one cycle

46
Q

In which brain area do cells have receptive fields in auditory space?

A

Deep superior colliculus

47
Q

What makes up the organ of Corti?

A

tectorial + basilar + hair cells

NAB (10 decks)

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