Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
What makes up the prosencephalon?
A
Telencephalon and diencephalon
2
Q
Posh word for forebrain?
A
Prosencephalon
3
Q
Posh word for midbrain?
A
Mesencephalon
4
Q
Posh word for hindbrain?
A
Rhombencephalon (metencephalon and myelencephalon)
5
Q
What part of the brain is the third ventricle in?
A
Diencephalon
6
Q
What part of the brain is the fourth ventricle in?
A
Rhombencephalon
7
Q
What makes up the brainstem?
A
Medulla and pons and hindbrain OR diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon and myelencephalon
8
Q
What is it the diencephalon?
A
Thalamus and hypothalamus and epithalamus
9
Q
What is in the hindbrain?
A
Medulla and pons and cerebellum
10
Q
What are the flocculus and nodule for?
A
Balance
11
Q
What is the vermis for?
A
Proprioception
12
Q
Sensory and motor - which is dorsal and which in vental?
A
Sensory is dorsal, motor is ventral
13
Q
Another word for the medulla?
A
Myelencephalon
14
Q
What makes up the metencephalon?
A
Pons and cerebellum
15
Q
Are the pontine nuclei motor or sensory?
A
Pontine nuclei
16
Q
What are the peduncles called from medial to lateral?
A
Rostral, caudal, middle
17
Q
Which colliculi is which?
A
Rostral is vision, caudal is hearing
18
Q
What does the tegmentum do?
A
Motor
19
Q
What do the crura cerebri do?
A
Descending motor tracts
20
Q
What happens in the parietal lobe?
A
Sensory - cutaneous and taste
21
Q
What happens in the occipital lobe?
A
Vision
22
Q
What happens in the temporal lobe?
A
Hearing, balance, language
23
Q
How is CSF different from the plasma?
A
Less K+, more Cl-, plus glucose
24
Q
What is syringomyelia?
A
Congenital shortening of caudal skull distorts cerebellum and forced excess CSF down spinal cord
25
What does the epidural space contain?
Fat, arteries, veins
26
What is the dura mater?
Dense connective tissue with venous sinuses fused to periosteum
27
What is in the subdural space?
Lymph like fluid
28
What is the arachnoid mater derived from?
Neural crest
29
What is the structure of the arachnoid?
Delicate, avascular, connective
30
What is the structure of the pia?
Vascular and connective
31
What are the largest parts of the subarachnoid space?
Cisterna magna and lumbar cistern
32
Supply to CoW in cats?
Extracranial rete under eyeball from maxillary
33
What is supply to CoW in ruminants?
Intracranial rete from maxillary and basioccipital rete from vertebral in the ox
34
What is precursor of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
Ectoderm
35
What is the precursor of the microglia?
Mesoderm
36
What is the dura derived from?
Sclerotome
37
What is the perilymph continuous with?
Subarachnoid
38
What is the uvea continuous with?
Arachnoid
39
What is the sclera continuous with?
Dura
40
Where does the temporal sinus drain?
Internal maxillary vein
41
Where does the vertebral sinus drain?
Intervertebral vein
42
Which nerves supply muscles of pharyngeal arch origin?
V, VII, IX, X, XI
43
Cutaneous sensation rostral tongue?
V
44
Taste rostral tongue?
VII chorda tympani
45
Common chemical sensation whole tongue?
V
46
Cutaneous sensation caudal tongue?
IX
47
Taste caudal tongue?
IX lingual
48
Which layers is a retinal detachment between?
Rods and cones and pigment cells
49
What innvervates dorsal rectus and levator palpebrae superioris?
Dorsal ramus of oculomotor
50
What innervates ventral rectus, ventral oblique and medial rectus?
Ventral ramus of oculomotor
51
What innvervates dorsal oblique?
Trochlear
52
What innervates lateral rectus and retractor bulbi?
Abducens
53
What is the origin of proprioceptive ganglia of extraocular muscles?
Neural crest
54
Which window contacts the stapes?
Oval
55
Where does the vestibular ganglion go?
Cerebellum, thalamus, nuclei 3,4,6, ascending and descending reticular formation, vestibulospinal tract
56
When would head tilt away from lesion?
Lesions affecting the cerebellar portion of the vestibular apparatus
57
What does the patellar reflex assess?
Femoral nerve and L4-6
58
What does perineal reflex assess?
S1-3
59
What does withdrawal reflex assess?
Cervicothoracic and limbosacral enlargements
60
What is the menace response testing?
CN II
61
What does pupillary light reflex test?
Afferent pathway is CN II, efferent is CN III
62
What does vestibulo-ocular reflex test?
Afferent pathway VIII, efferent pathway CN III IV VI
63
What controls palpebral reflex test?
Afferent pathway CN V, efferent pathway CN VIII
64
What is nasal mucosa afferent pathway?
CN V
65
What does CN V motor dysfunction cause?
Jaw muscle problems
66
What does CN V sensory dysfunction cause?
Sensory hypoesthesia
67
What are gag reflex afferent and efferent pathways?
Both CN IX X
68
What makes up the rhombencephalon?
Myelencephalon and metencephalon
69
What makes up the mesencephalon?
Tectum, tegmentum and crus cerebri
70
What makes up the telencephalon?
Cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, hippocampus
71
Which myotomes does nerve XII innervate?
5,6,7,8
72
What does the PNS form from?
Neural crest
73
What does CNS form from?
Neural tube
74
Which nerve does middle ear epithelium?
IX
75
What is the epithalamus?
Pineal gland
76
What is the mamillary body a part of?
Hypothalamus
77
What is the pontine nucleus?
Relay on cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway
78
What does the neural plate form from?
Ectoderm
79
What part of the brain in the cerebeal aqueduct in?
Midbrain
80
What can glial progenitors form
Astrocyte, oligodendrocyte or microglial cell
81
Which supporting cells are like macrophages?
Microglial
82
How does sacral and caudal cord form?
Secondary neurulation - solid ecto-endoderm cylinder which cavitates then attaches to rest
83
What is the epiphysis?
Pineal gland
84
What is holoprosencephaly?
No pairing
85
What kind of nuclei are the pontine nuclei?
Motor
86
What is the epiphysis?
Pineal gland
87
What is the front of the corpus callosum?
Genu
88
What is the back of the corpus callossum?
Splenium
89
Who has extensions of the lateral ventricles into the olfactory bulb?
Dogs
90
Which epithelial cells line the ventricles?
Ependymal
91
What happens to the CSF in meningitis?
Overpressure
92
Which meninges contains sinuses?
Dura
93
Which space has denticulate ligaments?
Subdural
94
Who has a rete mirabile?
Ruminants, pigs, cats
95
Which supporting cells are from the ectoderm?
Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
96
Which supporting cells are from the mesoderm?
Microglia
97
Which supporting cells are for scarring, BBB, and clear neurotransmitters?
Astro
98
What is basal ganglia of BBB covered by?
Astrocyte endfeet
99
In which species does internal carotid regress?
Cats and ruminants
100
Which sinus goes through retroglenoid foramen into the internal maxillary?
Temporal
101
Which sinus goes through the foramen magnum?
Sigmoid
102
Where do the vertebral sinuses go?
Intervertebral veins
103
Where does the lamina terminalis griseum go?
From foramen of monro to base of optic stalk
104
Which sinus is unpaired?
Dorsal saggital
105
Where does the olfactory stria go?
Piriform lobe to olfactory bulb
106
What forms the foramen orbito-rotundum in ruminants?
Orbital fissure, rostral/caudal alar foramina, round foramen
107
Which species has C2 to horn often?
Goats
108
Which muscles are arch 1?
Digastricus, mylohyoideus, tensor tympani and palatini
109
Which muscles are arch 2?
Digastricus, stapedius, stylohyoideus
110
Which muscles are arch 3?
Stylopharyngeus, ceratohyoideus, levator palatini
111
Which animals have atropinase?
Rabbit
112
Who doesn't have XI?
Snakes
113
What is the neurotransmitter for nervous terminalis?
GnRH
114
Origin of ventral oblique?
Rostromedial in orbit
115
What is third eyelid controlled by in cats?
Sympathetic
116
Where do feline thiamine deficiency signs show?
LGN
117
What is the modiolus?
Central bony core of cochlea
118
What do the cristae detect?
Angular
119
What do the maculae detect?
Linear acceleration
120
What are the Ca2+ crystals called?
Statoconia
121
What is density of gel in cristae?
Same as endolymph
122
What does Ca2+ act on inside the cell during LTP?
NOS and kinases
