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NAB > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the prosencephalon?

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon

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2
Q

Posh word for forebrain?

A

Prosencephalon

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3
Q

Posh word for midbrain?

A

Mesencephalon

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4
Q

Posh word for hindbrain?

A

Rhombencephalon (metencephalon and myelencephalon)

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5
Q

What part of the brain is the third ventricle in?

A

Diencephalon

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6
Q

What part of the brain is the fourth ventricle in?

A

Rhombencephalon

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7
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A

Medulla and pons and hindbrain OR diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon and myelencephalon

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8
Q

What is it the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus and epithalamus

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9
Q

What is in the hindbrain?

A

Medulla and pons and cerebellum

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10
Q

What are the flocculus and nodule for?

A

Balance

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11
Q

What is the vermis for?

A

Proprioception

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12
Q

Sensory and motor - which is dorsal and which in vental?

A

Sensory is dorsal, motor is ventral

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13
Q

Another word for the medulla?

A

Myelencephalon

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14
Q

What makes up the metencephalon?

A

Pons and cerebellum

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15
Q

Are the pontine nuclei motor or sensory?

A

Pontine nuclei

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16
Q

What are the peduncles called from medial to lateral?

A

Rostral, caudal, middle

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17
Q

Which colliculi is which?

A

Rostral is vision, caudal is hearing

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18
Q

What does the tegmentum do?

A

Motor

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19
Q

What do the crura cerebri do?

A

Descending motor tracts

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20
Q

What happens in the parietal lobe?

A

Sensory - cutaneous and taste

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21
Q

What happens in the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

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22
Q

What happens in the temporal lobe?

A

Hearing, balance, language

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23
Q

How is CSF different from the plasma?

A

Less K+, more Cl-, plus glucose

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24
Q

What is syringomyelia?

A

Congenital shortening of caudal skull distorts cerebellum and forced excess CSF down spinal cord

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25
Q

What does the epidural space contain?

A

Fat, arteries, veins

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26
Q

What is the dura mater?

A

Dense connective tissue with venous sinuses fused to periosteum

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27
Q

What is in the subdural space?

A

Lymph like fluid

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28
Q

What is the arachnoid mater derived from?

A

Neural crest

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29
Q

What is the structure of the arachnoid?

A

Delicate, avascular, connective

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30
Q

What is the structure of the pia?

A

Vascular and connective

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31
Q

What are the largest parts of the subarachnoid space?

A

Cisterna magna and lumbar cistern

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32
Q

Supply to CoW in cats?

A

Extracranial rete under eyeball from maxillary

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33
Q

What is supply to CoW in ruminants?

A

Intracranial rete from maxillary and basioccipital rete from vertebral in the ox

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34
Q

What is precursor of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

A

Ectoderm

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35
Q

What is the precursor of the microglia?

A

Mesoderm

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36
Q

What is the dura derived from?

A

Sclerotome

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37
Q

What is the perilymph continuous with?

A

Subarachnoid

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38
Q

What is the uvea continuous with?

A

Arachnoid

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39
Q

What is the sclera continuous with?

A

Dura

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40
Q

Where does the temporal sinus drain?

A

Internal maxillary vein

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41
Q

Where does the vertebral sinus drain?

A

Intervertebral vein

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42
Q

Which nerves supply muscles of pharyngeal arch origin?

A

V, VII, IX, X, XI

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43
Q

Cutaneous sensation rostral tongue?

A

V

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44
Q

Taste rostral tongue?

A

VII chorda tympani

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45
Q

Common chemical sensation whole tongue?

A

V

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46
Q

Cutaneous sensation caudal tongue?

A

IX

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47
Q

Taste caudal tongue?

A

IX lingual

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48
Q

Which layers is a retinal detachment between?

A

Rods and cones and pigment cells

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49
Q

What innvervates dorsal rectus and levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Dorsal ramus of oculomotor

50
Q

What innervates ventral rectus, ventral oblique and medial rectus?

A

Ventral ramus of oculomotor

51
Q

What innvervates dorsal oblique?

A

Trochlear

52
Q

What innervates lateral rectus and retractor bulbi?

A

Abducens

53
Q

What is the origin of proprioceptive ganglia of extraocular muscles?

A

Neural crest

54
Q

Which window contacts the stapes?

A

Oval

55
Q

Where does the vestibular ganglion go?

A

Cerebellum, thalamus, nuclei 3,4,6, ascending and descending reticular formation, vestibulospinal tract

56
Q

When would head tilt away from lesion?

A

Lesions affecting the cerebellar portion of the vestibular apparatus

57
Q

What does the patellar reflex assess?

A

Femoral nerve and L4-6

58
Q

What does perineal reflex assess?

A

S1-3

59
Q

What does withdrawal reflex assess?

A

Cervicothoracic and limbosacral enlargements

60
Q

What is the menace response testing?

A

CN II

61
Q

What does pupillary light reflex test?

A

Afferent pathway is CN II, efferent is CN III

62
Q

What does vestibulo-ocular reflex test?

A

Afferent pathway VIII, efferent pathway CN III IV VI

63
Q

What controls palpebral reflex test?

A

Afferent pathway CN V, efferent pathway CN VIII

64
Q

What is nasal mucosa afferent pathway?

A

CN V

65
Q

What does CN V motor dysfunction cause?

A

Jaw muscle problems

66
Q

What does CN V sensory dysfunction cause?

A

Sensory hypoesthesia

67
Q

What are gag reflex afferent and efferent pathways?

A

Both CN IX X

68
Q

What makes up the rhombencephalon?

A

Myelencephalon and metencephalon

69
Q

What makes up the mesencephalon?

A

Tectum, tegmentum and crus cerebri

70
Q

What makes up the telencephalon?

A

Cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, hippocampus

71
Q

Which myotomes does nerve XII innervate?

A

5,6,7,8

72
Q

What does the PNS form from?

A

Neural crest

73
Q

What does CNS form from?

A

Neural tube

74
Q

Which nerve does middle ear epithelium?

A

IX

75
Q

What is the epithalamus?

A

Pineal gland

76
Q

What is the mamillary body a part of?

A

Hypothalamus

77
Q

What is the pontine nucleus?

A

Relay on cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway

78
Q

What does the neural plate form from?

A

Ectoderm

79
Q

What part of the brain in the cerebeal aqueduct in?

A

Midbrain

80
Q

What can glial progenitors form

A

Astrocyte, oligodendrocyte or microglial cell

81
Q

Which supporting cells are like macrophages?

A

Microglial

82
Q

How does sacral and caudal cord form?

A

Secondary neurulation - solid ecto-endoderm cylinder which cavitates then attaches to rest

83
Q

What is the epiphysis?

A

Pineal gland

84
Q

What is holoprosencephaly?

A

No pairing

85
Q

What kind of nuclei are the pontine nuclei?

A

Motor

86
Q

What is the epiphysis?

A

Pineal gland

87
Q

What is the front of the corpus callosum?

A

Genu

88
Q

What is the back of the corpus callossum?

A

Splenium

89
Q

Who has extensions of the lateral ventricles into the olfactory bulb?

A

Dogs

90
Q

Which epithelial cells line the ventricles?

A

Ependymal

91
Q

What happens to the CSF in meningitis?

A

Overpressure

92
Q

Which meninges contains sinuses?

A

Dura

93
Q

Which space has denticulate ligaments?

A

Subdural

94
Q

Who has a rete mirabile?

A

Ruminants, pigs, cats

95
Q

Which supporting cells are from the ectoderm?

A

Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

96
Q

Which supporting cells are from the mesoderm?

A

Microglia

97
Q

Which supporting cells are for scarring, BBB, and clear neurotransmitters?

A

Astro

98
Q

What is basal ganglia of BBB covered by?

A

Astrocyte endfeet

99
Q

In which species does internal carotid regress?

A

Cats and ruminants

100
Q

Which sinus goes through retroglenoid foramen into the internal maxillary?

A

Temporal

101
Q

Which sinus goes through the foramen magnum?

A

Sigmoid

102
Q

Where do the vertebral sinuses go?

A

Intervertebral veins

103
Q

Where does the lamina terminalis griseum go?

A

From foramen of monro to base of optic stalk

104
Q

Which sinus is unpaired?

A

Dorsal saggital

105
Q

Where does the olfactory stria go?

A

Piriform lobe to olfactory bulb

106
Q

What forms the foramen orbito-rotundum in ruminants?

A

Orbital fissure, rostral/caudal alar foramina, round foramen

107
Q

Which species has C2 to horn often?

A

Goats

108
Q

Which muscles are arch 1?

A

Digastricus, mylohyoideus, tensor tympani and palatini

109
Q

Which muscles are arch 2?

A

Digastricus, stapedius, stylohyoideus

110
Q

Which muscles are arch 3?

A

Stylopharyngeus, ceratohyoideus, levator palatini

111
Q

Which animals have atropinase?

A

Rabbit

112
Q

Who doesn’t have XI?

A

Snakes

113
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for nervous terminalis?

A

GnRH

114
Q

Origin of ventral oblique?

A

Rostromedial in orbit

115
Q

What is third eyelid controlled by in cats?

A

Sympathetic

116
Q

Where do feline thiamine deficiency signs show?

A

LGN

117
Q

What is the modiolus?

A

Central bony core of cochlea

118
Q

What do the cristae detect?

A

Angular

119
Q

What do the maculae detect?

A

Linear acceleration

120
Q

What are the Ca2+ crystals called?

A

Statoconia

121
Q

What is density of gel in cristae?

A

Same as endolymph

122
Q

What does Ca2+ act on inside the cell during LTP?

A

NOS and kinases

NAB (10 decks)

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