AUBF-Lec-Serous Fluid Flashcards
Fluid between parietal & visceral membranes
Serous Fluid
FUNCTION of serous fluid
To provide lubrication between the 2 membranes as a surfaces move against each other
Accumulation of fluid between the membranes
EFFUSION
EFFUSION Classified as
EXUDATE or TRANSUDATE
Disruption of fluid production & regulation between membranes
TRANSUDATE
TRANSUDATE is Caused by systemic disorders such as
Hypoproteinemia, Congestive Heart Failure, Nephrotic Syndrome
Direct damage to the membrane of a particular cavity
EXUDATE
EXUDATE examples
Infection, Inflammation, Malignancy
Rivalta’s Test AKA
SEROSAMUCIN CLOT TEST
Differentiate exudates from transudates
Rivalta’s Test
AKA SEROSAMUCIN CLOT TEST
Rivalta’s Test AKA SEROSAMUCIN CLOT TEST procedure and result
ACETIC ACID + WATER + UNKNOWN FLUID
(+) Heavy Precipitation (EXUDATE)
Recommended to detect transudates of hepatic origin
Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)
SAAG=
Serum Albumin – Peritoneal Fluid Albumin
Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG):
> /= 1.1 :
<1.1 :
> /= 1.1 : transudate
<1.1 : Exudate
3 P’s
3 P’s (Pleural, Pericardial, Peritoneal fluid)
NORMAL APPEARANCE of serous fluid
Clear, Pale Yellow
Method of Collection for Pleural fluid
Thoracentesis
Method of Collection for Pericardial fluid
Pericardiocentesis
Method of Collection for Peritoneal (ascitic) fluid
Paracentesis
NORMAL VALUES for Pleural fluid:
less than 30 mL
NORMAL VALUES for Pericardial fluid:
less than 50 mL
NORMAL VALUES for Peritoneal (ascitic) fluid:
less than 100 mL
Serous Specimen is distributed in the following tubes:
EDTA:
Sterile heparin tubes:
Plain/heparin tubes:
EDTA: cell counts and differential
Sterile heparin tubes: Microbiology and cytology
Plain/heparin tubes: Chemistry (spx for pH must be maintained anaerobically in ice)
TUMOR MARKERS FOR EFFUSION of MALIGNANT ORIGIN: Colon CA
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
TUMOR MARKERS FOR EFFUSION of MALIGNANT ORIGIN: Ovarian CA
CA 125
TUMOR MARKERS FOR EFFUSION of MALIGNANT ORIGIN: Breast CA
CA15-3, CA 549
TUMOR MARKERS FOR EFFUSION of MALIGNANT ORIGIN: Lung CA, Breast CA, Urinary bladder CA
Cytokeratin Fragment (CYFRA 21-1)
Distribution of Blood:
Uneven
Hemothorax (traumatic tap)
Pleural fluid Hct is >/= 1⁄2 of whole blood hematocrit
Hemothorax (traumatic tap)
Effusion is actually occurring from the impouring of blood from the injury
Hemothorax (traumatic tap)
Distribution of Blood: Even
Hemorrhagic Effusion
Pleural Fluid Hct is <1/2 of whole blood Hematocrit
Hemorrhagic Effusion
A chronic membrane disease effusion contains both blood and increased pleural fluid.
Hemorrhagic Effusion
Contain concentric striations of collagen like material
PSAMMOMA BODIES
PSAMMOMA BODIES Seen in
benign conditions and associated with ovarian and thyroid carcinomas
