AUBF-Lab-Seminal Fluid

Question 1

Semen is composed of ______ that are contributed individually by the tests and
epididymis, the seminal vessels, the prostate, and the bulbourethral glands.

Answer 1

four fractions

Question 2

Semen is composed of four fractions that are contributed individually by the (4)

Answer 2

tests and epididymis
the seminal vessels
the prostate
the bulbourethral glands

Question 3

Each fraction differs in its composition, and the
mixing of all four fractions during ejaculation is essential for the production of ______

Answer 3

abnormal semen specimen

Question 4

Spermatozoa are produced in the _______ of the testes.

Answer 4

seminiferous tubules

Question 5

______ are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

Answer 5

Spermatozoa

Question 6

Spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. They mature and are stored in?

Answer 6

Epididymis

Question 7

Spermatozoa and fluid from the epididymis contribute about _____ of the semen volume.

Answer 7

5%

Question 8

______ and _____ contribute about 5% of the semen volume.

Answer 8

Spermatozoa and fluid from the epididymis

Question 9

The seminal vessels produce majority of the
fluid (_____) present in the semen.

Answer 9

60%

Question 10

The _______ produce majority of the
fluid (60%) present in the semen.

Answer 10

seminal vessels

Question 11

The fluid contains a high content of _______ that the
spermatozoa readily metabolize.

Answer 11

fructose

Question 12

Spermatozoa ________ until they are exposed to the fluid from the seminal vessels.

Answer 12

do not become motile

Question 13

Spermatozoa do not become motile until
they are exposed to the fluid from the
________.

Answer 13

seminal vessels

Question 14

Elements of Macroscopic Semen Analysis: (4)

Answer 14

1. Appearance
2. Liquefaction time
3. Volume
4. pH

Question 15

Normal Appearance and odor of Semen

Answer 15

**Normal is gray-white translucent and has a
musty odor

Question 16

Elements of Macroscopic Semen Analysis: Liquefaction time procedure:

Answer 16

Incubate the sample at
37°C for 30minutes and examine for liquefaction
of the semen, determine the consistency

Question 17

Liquefaction time: Incubate the sample at _______ and examine for liquefaction of the semen, determine the consistency

Answer 17

37°C for 30minutes

Question 18

Liquefaction time:
** Normal semen should be ______
**Fresh ejaculated semen is (3)

Answer 18

completely liquefied

viscid, opaque, white coagulum

Question 19

**Normal volume of seminal fluid ranges from _____

Answer 19

2 to 5ml

Question 20

**Infertile males have an _______ volume of
seminal fluid with a _______ sperm count 4

Answer 20

increased; diminished

Question 21

**The normal pH of the semen is ______ with a
range of ______

Answer 21

alkaline; 7.2 to 8.0

Question 22

Normal values for sperm concentration are commonly listed as _________ sperm per milliliter, with concentration between _____________ per milliliter considered borderline.

Answer 22

20 to 160 million; 10 to 20 million

Question 23

The total sperm count for the ejaculate can
be calculated by?

Answer 23

multiplying sperm concentration by the specimen volume.

Question 24

Total sperm counts greater than 40 million
per ejaculate are considered ______ (20
million per milliliter x 2 ml)

Answer 24

normal

Question 25

In the clinical laboratory, sperm concentration is usually performed using the _______________.

Answer 25

Neubauer counting chamber

Question 26

In the clinical laboratory, sperm concentration is usually performed using the Neubauer counting chamber. The most commonly used dilution is ______.

Answer 26

1:20

Question 27

The presence of sperm capable of _______, ______ movement is critical for fertility, because once presented to the cervix, the sperm must _______ themselves through the cervical mucosa to the uterus, fallopian tube and ovum.

Answer 27

forward, progressive; propel

Question 28

Just as the presence of a normal number of sperm that are non motile will produce infertility, the presence of sperm that are _____________ of fertilization also result in infertility.

Answer 28

morphologically incapable

Question 29

Sperm Motility procedure

Answer 29

1. Place a large drop of semen on a slide that has been pre-warmed at 37°C. 2. Examine with the HPO of the microscope 3. Note roughly the proportion of motile to non motile cells and also look for testicular 4. Examine the same slide after 1 to 3 hours to determine reduction in motility cells, epithelial cells, leukocytes, RBC and crystals

Question 30

**Normally more than ______ of spermatozoa show active motility within _____ of ejaculation

Answer 30

70%; one hour

Question 30

**Normally more than ______ of spermatozoa show active motility within _____ of ejaculation

Answer 30

70%; one hour

Question 31

GRADE OF MOTILITY: Rapid, straight-line motility

Answer 31

4.0

Question 32

GRADE OF MOTILITY: Slower speed, some lateral movement

Answer 32

3.0

Question 33

GRADE OF MOTILITY: Slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement

Answer 33

2.0

Question 34

GRADE OF MOTILITY: No forward progression

Answer 34

1.0

Question 35

GRADE OF MOTILITY: No movement

Answer 35

0

Question 36

Sperm Count procedure

Answer 36

1. Mix the specimen thoroughly by shaking gently 2. Use a leukocyte counting pipette and draw the semen up to the 0.5mark then dilute to mark 11 with a diluting fluid (approximately 0.38ml) 3. Place on a hemocytometer counting chamber in a manner as for leukocyte count. Allow the cells to settle for 2 minutes. 4. Count the two of the large square (2 sq. mm.) and multiply the figure obtained by 100,000 to obtain the number per ml

Question 37

Composition of Diluting Fluid (3) and its respective amount

Answer 37

Sodium bicarbonate: 5g Formalin : 1ml Distilled Water: 100ml

Question 38

**Values of less than 20 million are associated with ____________

Answer 38

infertility

Question 39

Sperm Morphology procedure

Answer 39

1. After the liquefaction time of the semen, prepare a thin smear on a clean glass slide; the smear should be made within 2 hours. 2. Air dry the smear and fix gently with heat by passing the slide through a flame 3. Cover the slide with a 0.25% aqueous solution of basic fuschin and stain for 5 minutes 4. Wash with tap water, blot dry and examine under the oil immersion objective on the microscope 5. The heads of the sperm are dark red color with the tail and the middle piece pink 6. Count the number of percent of abnormal forms 7. Count the number of percent of abnormal forms 8. Differ and enumeration of round cells can also be made by counting the number of spermatids or neutrophils seen in conjunction with 100 mature sperm. The amount per milliliter can be calculated using the formula:

Question 40

** At least _____ sperms are examined under the oil immersion and the percentage of abnormal from are reported

Answer 40

200

Question 41

Sperm Morphology: **Normal: ______

Answer 41

<30% abnormal forms

Question 42

Sperm Viability Procedure

Answer 42

1. Prepare a thin smear on a glass slide and air dry the smear and fix gently by heat 2. Stain with Nigrosine- Eosin 3. Estimate the % of viable sperm

Question 43

Sperm Viability: **Only _________ spermatozoa will take up the stain

Answer 43

dead