AUBF-Lab-Seminal Fluid Flashcards
Semen is composed of ______ that are contributed individually by the tests and
epididymis, the seminal vessels, the prostate, and the bulbourethral glands.
four fractions
Semen is composed of four fractions that are contributed individually by the (4)
tests and epididymis
the seminal vessels
the prostate
the bulbourethral glands
Each fraction differs in its composition, and the
mixing of all four fractions during ejaculation is essential for the production of ______
abnormal semen specimen
Spermatozoa are produced in the _______ of the testes.
seminiferous tubules
______ are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
Spermatozoa
Spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. They mature and are stored in?
Epididymis
Spermatozoa and fluid from the epididymis contribute about _____ of the semen volume.
5%
______ and _____ contribute about 5% of the semen volume.
Spermatozoa and fluid from the epididymis
The seminal vessels produce majority of the
fluid (_____) present in the semen.
60%
The _______ produce majority of the
fluid (60%) present in the semen.
seminal vessels
The fluid contains a high content of _______ that the
spermatozoa readily metabolize.
fructose
Spermatozoa ________ until they are exposed to the fluid from the seminal vessels.
do not become motile
Spermatozoa do not become motile until
they are exposed to the fluid from the
________.
seminal vessels
Elements of Macroscopic Semen Analysis: (4)
- Appearance
- Liquefaction time
- Volume
- pH
Normal Appearance and odor of Semen
**Normal is gray-white translucent and has a
musty odor
Elements of Macroscopic Semen Analysis: Liquefaction time procedure:
Incubate the sample at
37°C for 30minutes and examine for liquefaction
of the semen, determine the consistency
Liquefaction time: Incubate the sample at _______ and examine for liquefaction of the semen, determine the consistency
37°C for 30minutes
Liquefaction time:
** Normal semen should be ______
**Fresh ejaculated semen is (3)
completely liquefied
viscid, opaque, white coagulum
**Normal volume of seminal fluid ranges from _____
2 to 5ml
**Infertile males have an _______ volume of
seminal fluid with a _______ sperm count 4
increased; diminished
**The normal pH of the semen is ______ with a
range of ______
alkaline; 7.2 to 8.0
Normal values for sperm concentration are commonly listed as _________ sperm per milliliter, with concentration between _____________ per milliliter considered borderline.
20 to 160 million; 10 to 20 million
The total sperm count for the ejaculate can
be calculated by?
multiplying sperm concentration by the specimen volume.
Total sperm counts greater than 40 million
per ejaculate are considered ______ (20
million per milliliter x 2 ml)
normal
In the clinical laboratory, sperm
concentration is usually performed using the
_______________.
Neubauer counting chamber
In the clinical laboratory, sperm
concentration is usually performed using the
Neubauer counting chamber. The most
commonly used dilution is ______.
1:20
The presence of sperm capable of _______, ______ movement is critical for fertility, because once presented to the cervix, the sperm must _______ themselves through the cervical mucosa to the uterus, fallopian tube and ovum.
forward, progressive; propel
Just as the presence of a normal number of
sperm that are non motile will produce
infertility, the presence of sperm that are
_____________ of fertilization
also result in infertility.
morphologically incapable
Sperm Motility procedure
- Place a large drop of semen on a slide that has
been pre-warmed at 37°C. - Examine with the HPO of the microscope
- Note roughly the proportion of motile to non
motile cells and also look for testicular - Examine the same slide after 1 to 3 hours to
determine reduction in motility cells, epithelial
cells, leukocytes, RBC and crystals
**Normally more than ______ of spermatozoa
show active motility within _____ of
ejaculation
70%; one hour
**Normally more than ______ of spermatozoa
show active motility within _____ of
ejaculation
70%; one hour
GRADE OF MOTILITY: Rapid, straight-line motility
4.0
GRADE OF MOTILITY: Slower speed, some lateral movement
3.0
GRADE OF MOTILITY: Slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement
2.0
GRADE OF MOTILITY: No forward progression
1.0
GRADE OF MOTILITY: No movement
0
Sperm Count procedure
- Mix the specimen thoroughly by shaking
gently - Use a leukocyte counting pipette and draw the
semen up to the 0.5mark then dilute to mark 11
with a diluting fluid (approximately 0.38ml) - Place on a hemocytometer counting chamber
in a manner as for leukocyte count. Allow the
cells to settle for 2 minutes. - Count the two of the large square (2 sq. mm.)
and multiply the figure obtained by 100,000 to
obtain the number per ml
Composition of Diluting Fluid (3) and its respective amount
Sodium bicarbonate: 5g
Formalin : 1ml
Distilled Water: 100ml
**Values of less than 20 million are associated
with ____________
infertility
Sperm Morphology procedure
- After the liquefaction time of the semen,
prepare a thin smear on a clean glass slide; the
smear should be made within 2 hours. - Air dry the smear and fix gently with heat by
passing the slide through a flame - Cover the slide with a 0.25% aqueous solution
of basic fuschin and stain for 5 minutes - Wash with tap water, blot dry and examine
under the oil immersion objective on the
microscope - The heads of the sperm are dark red color with
the tail and the middle piece pink - Count the number of percent of abnormal
forms - Count the number of percent of abnormal
forms - Differ and enumeration of round cells can also
be made by counting the number of spermatids
or neutrophils seen in conjunction with 100
mature sperm. The amount per milliliter can be
calculated using the formula:
** At least _____ sperms are examined under the
oil immersion and the percentage of abnormal
from are reported
200
Sperm Morphology: **Normal: ______
<30% abnormal forms
Sperm Viability Procedure
- Prepare a thin smear on a glass slide and air
dry the smear and fix gently by heat - Stain with Nigrosine- Eosin
- Estimate the % of viable sperm
Sperm Viability: **Only _________ spermatozoa will take up the stain
dead
