Attribution Flashcards

1
Q

Define Attribution.

A

A perception of the reason for an outcome of an event.

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2
Q

What are the Internal and External Factors?

A

Internal:
- ability.
- effort.

External:
- task difficulty.
- luck.

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3
Q

What are the Stable and Unstable Factors?

A

Stable:
- ability.
- task difficulty.

Unstable:
- effort.
- luck.

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4
Q

Define Locus of Causality.

A

Reason / Cause for loss / win.

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5
Q

Define Locus of Stability.

A

How changeable to reasons for winning / losing

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6
Q

What are the positives of Attribution?

A
  • helps with task persistence.
  • increased motivation.
  • increases confidence.
  • bring satisfaction.
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7
Q

What are the negatives of Attribution?

A
  • cause players to stop trying.
  • decreases motivation.
  • decreases confidence.
  • reduces satisfaction.
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8
Q

Define Self-Serving Bias.

A

Using external and/or unstable reasons for losing.

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9
Q

Why use Self-Serving Bias?

A
  • helps promote self esteem / confidence
  • helps players understand that defeat can be changed or because it wasn’t their fault
  • promotes task persistence
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10
Q

Define Learned Helplessness.

A

Using internal stable trains for losing, performer believing failure is inevitable.

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11
Q

Characteristics of Learned Helplessness.

A
  • self doubt , lack of belief in ability.
  • low confidence.
  • blame losing on internal reasons.
  • believe success is unlikely.
  • unrealistic goals set by coach.
  • may lead to giving up.
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12
Q

What are the types of Learned Helplessness?

A

Specific - to one sport or skill
General - no good at any sports

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13
Q

Define Attribution Retraining.

A

Changing the reasons given for success or failure from negative ones to positive.

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14
Q

How can a coach help to overcome Learned Helplessness?

A
  • provide motivation via reinforcement
  • highlight previous success
  • allow success by achievable goals
  • improve confidence
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15
Q

Define Mastery Orientation.

A

State of Mind where:
- believe in their ability
- believe that success can be repeated
- failure is temporarily and changeable

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16
Q

State the Mastery Orientation models.

A

high confidence > success or correct attributions for failure > confidence enhanced > mastery orientation

high confidence > bad experience/ wrong attributions > confidence lowered > possible learned helplessness > general / specific