Aggression Flashcards
Define Aggression.
Intent to harm someone outside the rules of the game.
Define Asssertion.
Well-motivated behaviour within the rules (good intention, not intending to cause harm)
What are the factors of Aggression?
- the intent to harm.
- outside of the rules.
- reactive.
- out of control.
- deliberate and hostile.
What are the factors of Assertion?
- not intended to harm.
- generally within the rules.
- goal-directed.
- controlled.
- well-motivated.
Explain Instinct Theory
When aggression is spontaneous and innate.
Claims all performers are born with an aggressive instinct that will surface with enough provocation and threat.
What are the problems with Instinct Theory?
- Are all people aggressive?
- Can environment impact aggression?
- Can aggression be experienced in sport when playing? Is it cathartic?
Explain Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis.
States a performer has innate aggressive tendencies.
Drive to goal / aim > Obstacle to goal > Increases frustration > Aggressive Act
- if aggression is not released, Aggressive Drive.
- if aggression is released, Catharsis.
What are the problems with F-A Hypothesis.
- Some players experience frustration but do not act aggressively.
- Other players are aggressive when they have experienced frustration.
Explain Aggression Cue Hypothesis.
Aggression is caused by a learned trigger.
In order for aggressive behaviour to occur, socially learned cues or stimuli must be present within the environment.
Explain Social Learning Theory.
Learning by associating with significant others and copying behaviours.
Observe > Identify > Reinforce > Copy
What Reinforces Social Learning Theory?
- Action is performed by Significant other.
- Action is witnessed in person.
What is the problem with Social Learning Theory?
States learning is more affective when behaviour is observed live, more realistic for young children.
List 5 ways in which a Performer can prevent Aggression.
- positive self talk
- deep breathing
- walk away from the situation
- imagery / mental rehearsal
- use relaxation to reduce arousal
- negative thought stopping
List 5 ways in which a Coach can prevent Aggression.
- reinforce non-aggression
- point out responsibilities to the team
- set non-aggressive goals
- apply punishments immediately
- substitute/remove player from play
- talk, to calm players
- do not reinforce negative acts in training
List 3 ways in which an Official can prevent Aggression.
- punish with fines
- talk, to calm players down
- punish, by sending off
- apply punishments immediately
- apply rules consistently and fairly
