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2023-2025 Year 12 A-Level Psychology > Attachment: Ainsworth’s Types Of Attachment TW > Flashcards

Attachment: Ainsworth’s Types Of Attachment TW Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of ‘the strange situation’ ?

A

To assess the strength / type of attachment

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2
Q

‘The strange situation’ used what type of observational method?

A

Controlled observation

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3
Q

What was Ainsworth’s sample when testing the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

100 middle-class American infants and their mothers

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4
Q

AO3: In what TWO ways could we criticise Ainsworth’s sample?

A

Ethnocentric (only Americans)

AND

Gender bias (only used mothers)

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5
Q

What four variables were measured in Ainsworth’s ‘strange situation’ ?

A

Willingness to Explore
Separation Anxiety
Stranger Anxiety
Reunion Behaviour

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6
Q

How did Ainsworth observe the children’s behaviour in each episode?

A

Through a two-way mirror

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7
Q

How many episodes were involved in the ‘strange situation’

A

7

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8
Q

How long did each episode last in Ainsworth’s strange situation?

A

3 minutes

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9
Q

What occurred in the first episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

Parent enters room with the child, and the child explores for 3 mins

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10
Q

What was the first episode of ‘strange situation’ measuring?

A

Willingness to explore

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11
Q

What occurred in the second episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

A stranger enters and joins the parent and infant and tries to interact with the child

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12
Q

What was the second episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

A

Stranger anxiety

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13
Q

How was stranger anxiety measured in the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

Having a stranger enter the room

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14
Q

What occurred in the third episode of the ‘strange situation’

A

Parent leaves the infant with the stranger

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15
Q

What was the third episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

A

Stranger and separation anxiety

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16
Q

What occurred in the fourth episode of the ‘strange situation’

A

Parent returns and the stranger leaves

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17
Q

How was reunion behaviour measured in the ‘strange situation’

A

By having the mother return

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18
Q

What occurred in the fifth episode of the ‘strange situation’

A

Parent leaves the child alone

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19
Q

What was the third episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

A

Seperation anxiety

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20
Q

What is the difference between the 3rd episode and the 5th episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

In episode 3 the child is with the stranger (measuring seperation + stranger anxiety)

WHEREAS

In episode 5 the child is completely alone (only measuring seperation anxiety)

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21
Q

What occurred in the sixth episode of the ‘strange situation’

A

The stranger returns

22
Q

What is the sixth episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

A

Stranger anxiety

23
Q

What occurred in the seventh episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

Parent returns and stranger leaves

24
Q

What was the seventh episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

A

Reunion behaviour

25
Q

“EP3 : The parent leaves the infant with the stranger”

What is this episode measuring?

A

Stranger and seperation anxiety

26
Q

“EP1 : Parent enters the room with child, and the child explores”

What is this episode measuring?

A

Willingness to explore

27
Q

What 3 types of attachment were identified in the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

Secure

Insecure avoidant

Insecure resistant

28
Q

Describe a secure infants exploration behaviour

A

Willing to explore - but uses mother as secure base

29
Q

Describe a secure infants reaction to separation

A

Upset / subdued when mother leaves

OR

High levels of seperation anxiety

30
Q

Describe a secure infants reaction to a stranger when alone

A

Avoidant of stranger

OR

Shows high stranger anxiety

31
Q

Describe a secure infants reaction to a stranger when with their caregiver

A

Friendly when caregiver present

32
Q

Describe a secure infants reaction when reunited with their caregiver

A

Positive / happy with mother returns

33
Q

What type of caregiver is associated with producing a securely attached infant?

A

Responsive

34
Q

Describe an insecure-avoidant infants exploration behaviour

A

Willing to explore environment

35
Q

Describe an insecure-avoidant infants reaction to seperation

A

Unconcerned by mothers absence

36
Q

Describe an insecure-avoidant infants reaction to a stranger

A

Unconcerned, but often avoidant

37
Q

Describe an insecure-avoidant infants reaction to reunion

A

Unresponsive / unconcerned

38
Q

What type of caregiver is associated with producing an infant with an insecure-avoidant attachment type ?

A

Unresponsive

39
Q

Describe an insecure-resistant infants exploration behaviour

A

Low willingness to explore

40
Q

Describe an insecure-resistant infants reaction to seperation

A

Intensely distressed

OR

High seperation anxiety

41
Q

Describe an insecure-resistant infants reaction to strangers

A

Extreme fear of strangers

OR

High stranger anxiety

42
Q

Describe an insecure-resistant infants reaction to reunion

A

Clinginess mixed with rejection

43
Q

What type of caregiver is associated with producing an infant with an insecure-resistant attachment type ?

A

Inconsistent

44
Q

AO3: How could we criticise the method used by Ainsworth’s ‘strange situation’

A

Lacks ecological validity

45
Q

AO3: How could we praise the method used by Ainsworth’s ‘strange situation’

A

High in reliability as standardised procedures

46
Q

What 2 elements of Ainsworth’s procedure is standardised?

A

The order of each episode

OR

The length of each episode (3 mins)

47
Q

Which attachment type is unconcerned by a mothers absence?

A

Insecure-avoidant

48
Q

Which attachment type is extremely fearful of strangers?

A

Insecure - resistant

49
Q

Which attachment type would show positive behaviours when reunited with their mother

A

Secure

50
Q

Which attachment type would display low willingness to explore their environment?

A

Insecure resistant

2023-2025 Year 12 A-Level Psychology (44 decks)

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