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biology > atp, photosynthesis, cell respiration, fermentation > Flashcards

atp, photosynthesis, cell respiration, fermentation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

all life on earth depends on energy from the ___

A

sun

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2
Q

how does ADP become ATP

A

adding a phosphate to ADP will make it ATP

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3
Q

what is the molecule used by cells to store and release energy

A

ATP

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4
Q

how is energy released from an ATP molecule

A

when a cell needs energy, the third phosphate will be removed

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5
Q

what is the photosynthesis equation

A

CO2+H2O+sunlight—-> C6 H12 O6 & O2

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6
Q

what are the reactants of photosynthesis?

A

light energy, H2O, CO2

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7
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis

A

C6 H12 O6 & O2

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8
Q

what is the “waste” product of photosynthesis

A

oxygen

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9
Q

what pigment gives plants their green color? how?

A

chlorophyll, it reflects green light

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10
Q

what part of the plant carries out the most photosynthesis

A

leaves

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11
Q

be able to draw a chloroplast and label it

A
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12
Q

what organelle is the site of photosynthesis

A

chloroplast

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13
Q

what is the electron carrier used in photosynthesis

A

NADP+

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14
Q

what are the 2 stages of photosynthesis

A

light dependent reactions, Calvin cycle

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15
Q

where do the light dependent reactions take place

A

thylakoid membrane

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16
Q

where do the light independent reactions take place

A

stroma

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17
Q

what is the most commonly used name that is the same as light independent reactions

A

Calvin cycle

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18
Q

what is the overall purpose of the light reactions as a whole

A

to produce the high energy compounds of ATP and NADPH

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19
Q

specifically, where does the oxygen released by plants come from

A

water, (H2O)

20
Q

what is the purpose of the Calvin cycle

A

to take CO2 and the high energy products from the light reaction and make glucose molecules

21
Q

why is opening stomata a “necessary evil” for plants

A

because if you open it to get CO2 water will come out and evaporate

22
Q

what factors affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

water, temperature, and light intensity

23
Q

what is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A

they make what each other need

24
Q

what is the overall purpose of cellular respiration

A

it breaks down glucose into simpler substances and releases their stored energy

25
Q

what are the stages of aerobic respiration

A

Krebs cycle, ETC

26
Q

where does glycolysis take place

A

cytoplasm

27
Q

what does glycolysis do

A

the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken down to produce two molecules of pyruvate acid

28
Q

what is the deciding factor on whether or not a cell carries out respiration or fermentation

A

if oxygen is present

29
Q

what molecule is produced as waste by the Kreb’s cycle

A

carbon dioxide

30
Q

what 2 electron carriers are produced by the Kreb’s cycle

A

FAD (H2), NAD (H)

31
Q

where does the most of the ATP produced in respiration come from

A

ETC

32
Q

where in a mitochondrion does the Kreb’s cycle take place? ETC?

A

matrix

33
Q

how many ATP’s are made by aerobic respiration

A

38

34
Q

be able to draw and label a mitochondria

A
35
Q

what does a cell do if no oxygen is available

A

fermentation

36
Q

what is the product of alcoholic fermentation

A

ethanol and carbon dioxide

37
Q

what is the product of lactic acid

A

pyruvic acid

38
Q

why do our cells get sore after working out

A

the muscles are using up the oxygen that is present and the body is not supplying the muscle tissue with enough additional oxygen

39
Q

any substance that absorbs light

A

pigment

40
Q

the middle area of the leaf

A

mesophyll

41
Q

pores? openings on the underside of the leaf

A

stomata

42
Q

big stacks of thylakoids

A

granum

43
Q

the liquid inside chloroplasts

A

stroma

44
Q

when oxygen is present

A

aerobic

45
Q

when oxygen is not present

A

anaerobic

46
Q

the space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria

A

matrix

47
Q

folded loops in the mitochondria

A

cristae

biology (11 decks)

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