atp, photosynthesis, cell respiration, fermentation Flashcards
all life on earth depends on energy from the ___
sun
how does ADP become ATP
adding a phosphate to ADP will make it ATP
what is the molecule used by cells to store and release energy
ATP
how is energy released from an ATP molecule
when a cell needs energy, the third phosphate will be removed
what is the photosynthesis equation
CO2+H2O+sunlight—-> C6 H12 O6 & O2
what are the reactants of photosynthesis?
light energy, H2O, CO2
What are the products of photosynthesis
C6 H12 O6 & O2
what is the “waste” product of photosynthesis
oxygen
what pigment gives plants their green color? how?
chlorophyll, it reflects green light
what part of the plant carries out the most photosynthesis
leaves
be able to draw a chloroplast and label it
what organelle is the site of photosynthesis
chloroplast
what is the electron carrier used in photosynthesis
NADP+
what are the 2 stages of photosynthesis
light dependent reactions, Calvin cycle
where do the light dependent reactions take place
thylakoid membrane
where do the light independent reactions take place
stroma
what is the most commonly used name that is the same as light independent reactions
Calvin cycle
what is the overall purpose of the light reactions as a whole
to produce the high energy compounds of ATP and NADPH
specifically, where does the oxygen released by plants come from
water, (H2O)
what is the purpose of the Calvin cycle
to take CO2 and the high energy products from the light reaction and make glucose molecules
why is opening stomata a “necessary evil” for plants
because if you open it to get CO2 water will come out and evaporate
what factors affect the rate of photosynthesis
water, temperature, and light intensity
what is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration
they make what each other need
what is the overall purpose of cellular respiration
it breaks down glucose into simpler substances and releases their stored energy
what are the stages of aerobic respiration
Krebs cycle, ETC
where does glycolysis take place
cytoplasm
what does glycolysis do
the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken down to produce two molecules of pyruvate acid
what is the deciding factor on whether or not a cell carries out respiration or fermentation
if oxygen is present
what molecule is produced as waste by the Kreb’s cycle
carbon dioxide
what 2 electron carriers are produced by the Kreb’s cycle
FAD (H2), NAD (H)
where does the most of the ATP produced in respiration come from
ETC
where in a mitochondrion does the Kreb’s cycle take place? ETC?
matrix
how many ATP’s are made by aerobic respiration
38
be able to draw and label a mitochondria
what does a cell do if no oxygen is available
fermentation
what is the product of alcoholic fermentation
ethanol and carbon dioxide
what is the product of lactic acid
pyruvic acid
why do our cells get sore after working out
the muscles are using up the oxygen that is present and the body is not supplying the muscle tissue with enough additional oxygen
any substance that absorbs light
pigment
the middle area of the leaf
mesophyll
pores? openings on the underside of the leaf
stomata
big stacks of thylakoids
granum
the liquid inside chloroplasts
stroma
when oxygen is present
aerobic
when oxygen is not present
anaerobic
the space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria
matrix
folded loops in the mitochondria
cristae
