#2 Flashcards
what does the acronym, DNA, strand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
where in the cell is DNA found
nucleus
why is DNA so important to a cell?
it contains the instructions to make everything
what are the subunits that nucleic acids are made of
nucleotides
what are the sides of a DNA molecule made of?
sugars and phosphates
what are the insides/”rungs” of a DNA molecule made of
nitrogen bases
what is the name of the sugar in DNA
deoxyribose
what is the differences in purines and pyrimidines
purines are double ringed pyrimidines are single ringed
what are the 4 nitrogen bases of DNA
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
what are the 2 base pairs of DNA
purines, pyrimidines
what is the shape of DNA called
double helix
what 3 things do nucleotide’s contain
5-carbon sugar, phosphates group, nitrogen base
who is credited with discovering DNA’s shape
Watson and crick
what is DNA replication
the copying of a cells DNA
when does DNA replication occur
s phase of interphase
where on DNA does replication begin
origin
which new DNA strand is made in sections
nucleotide
what are these sections called
leading and lagging
describe the semi conservative model of DNA replication
the 2 strands of the parental molecule separate and each acts as a template
what does the acronym RNA strand for
ribonucleic
what is the sugar in RNA
ribose
what are the 4 bases of RNA
adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
what are proteins made up of
amino acids
what does mRNA do
copies DNA code and carries the genetic information to the ribosome
what does tRNA do
transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins will be synthesized
what rRNA do
transports reads DNA and makes ribosomes
what are codons
3 amino acids put together
what are anticodons
tRNA codons
what are the 2 parts of proteins synthesis
transcription and translation
which part of protein synthesis happens in the nucleus and makes mRNA from DNA
transcription
which part of protein synthesis happens in the cytoplasm and uses all 3 types of RNA in order to assemble proteins
translation
what are introns
non functional segments of DNA
what are exons
segememts of dna that code for protiens
what types of RNA processing must be done before mRNA is ready to be used
cutting out Introns and the splicing together of the exons adding a cap and tail
describe what is happening during elongation of translation
as the ribosome moves 2 tRNA with their amino acids move into the A site and P site
what is the differences in the A and P sites on the ribosomes
P site is for attachment of the tRNA molecule that the growing polypeptide chain attached to it. A site is bringing in new amino acids to the chain
what is mutation
are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA to the chain
what is a mutagen
substances or materials that can cause mutations
what are examples of mutagens
skin cancers luekemia
