atoms in the periodic table- Chelsea Flashcards
What is a proton?
A particle in the nucleus with a positive charge
What is a nucleus?
The center and most important part of an atom
What is a neutron?
Atomic particle in the nucleus without an electric charge
What is an electron?
Found in the electron cloud with a negative charge.
What is an orbital?
Area on a atom where you are likely to find electrons
What is valence electron?
Electron found in the outer most shell that determines the atoms chemical properties.
What is the period law?
Properties of an element change with the atomic numbers of the elements.
What is a period?
Horizontal row in the periodic table
What is a group?
Vertical columns in the periodic table
What is a metal?
Conducts electricity and heat and is shiny
What is a nonmetal?
Conducts heat and electricity poorly.
What is a semiconductor?
Substance that can conduct electricity under some conditions
What is a alkali metal?
Very reactive metals in group 1 of periodic table
What is a alkaline- earth metal?
Reactive metals that form basic oxides and can react with water
What is a transition metal?
They mix with other elements to form coordination compounds
What are halogens?
Non metallic elements that form to make salt
What is a noble gas?
Gases of the periodic table that were thought to not form with anything else
What is a ion?
An atom or molecule with a charge
What is atomic number?
The atomic number tells how many protons and electrons are in an element.
What is atomic mass?
Tells how many neutrons are in an element. Subtract number from mass to find neutrons.
What are isotopes?
Two or more forms of the same element that have same amount of protons but different number of neutrons
What is atomic mass unit?
The average of the protons and neutrons rest mass. AMU
What is average atomic mass?
Sum of the masses of the isotopes multiple by its natural abundance
What is a mole?
The amount of pure substance containing the same as its chemical unit.
What is Avogadro’s constant
The number of atoms or particles that are contained in the substance given by a mole.
What is molar mass?
The mass of the element divided by the amount of the substance
What is conversion factor?
A ratio that is derived from the equality of different units and can be used to convert one unit to another.
