ATM Flashcards
Hvor er ENGM?
Norge - Gardermoen
Hvor er EKKA?
Karup
Hvor er EKVD?
Vamdrup
Hvordan siger man Mode A 2315?
Two Three One Five
Hvis QFE ved et skydeområde er på 1030 og skydeområdet går til 16500’, hvad er så den første available FL for VFR eastbound?
1013-1030 = -17 hPa
-17*30 = -510’
16500’-510’ = 15990’
15990+1000’ = 16990’
FL175 er svaret
Hvis QNH er 1010 og TA er 3000’, hvad er så første available FL for IFR og VFR, med min 1000’ sep?
1013-1010 = 3
3*30 = 90’
3000 + 90 = 3090’
IFR FL 50
VFR FL 45
How can you separate horizontally?
Lateral - geographical or by track (example a route or point)
Longitudal - in time or distance
Surveillance
How do you separate vertically?
In feet between aircraft (most often by 1000’)
What is the different procedures of separation?
Procedural (no radar) or Surveillance (radar)
Do you provide separation between all flights in class A and B?
Yes
Do you provide separation between IFR flights in C, D and E?
Yes
Do you provide separation between IFR and VFR in class C?
Yes
Do you separate between IFR to SVFR and SVFR to SVFR, when described?
Yes
Are you allowed as ATC to clear less than the applicable separation minima?
No
Can you as ATS establish other separation minima to areas or locations?
Yes if there are types of aids used or circumstances are different then those covered in ICAO documents
What is vertical separation in RVSM airspace?
1000’ between FL290 and FL410
2000’ above
What is vertical separation in non RVSM airspace?
1000’ below FL290
2000’ above FL290
Is Denmark RVSM airspace? And if so, can we then always separate with 1000’ between FL290 and FL410?
Yes Denmark is, but we can still get aircraft that are non RVSM capable. So in that case we have to separate with 2000’ above FL290
Should you avoid to clear aircraft outside controlled airspace?
Yes
What does Y mean in the flight plan?
Starting IFR and switching to VFR
What does Z mean on the Flight Plan?
Starting VFR and switching to IFR
What is the exceptions to giving a clearance to approve an aircraft into another aircraft level, when aircraft reports leaving?
- severe turbulence
- climb
- difference in performance
- Holdings
You have 25 miles to a crossing of two aircraft and you need to climb one of them 6000 feet to pass the other. Aircraft flying 240 kts.
What rate of climb do you need?
Minimum 5 nm distance = 20 nm to climb
240kts/60= 4 nm/min
20/4 = 5 min
6000 feet / 5 min = 1200 feet/min
What is the definition of time separation?
Aircraft to depart at a specified time, to arrive over a geographical location at a specified time, or to hold over a geographical location at a specified time
What is the cons of using speed control as separation?
It’ll take a long time to separate
What is the same track definition of separation?
45 degrees on same side of the aircraft on both sides
What is the time distance required between two aircraft on same level and same track
15 min
except if you have frequent nav aids to determine pos and speed - then it’s 10 min.
Or 5 min if 20 kts or faster
Or 3 min if 40 kts or faster
What is the time difference between aircraft flying crossing tracks?
15 min if few nav aids
10 min if frequent nav aids
What is the requirement to use longitudinal separation in distance?
There need to be direct controller pilot communication (DCPC)
What is the distance separation on same level, same track?
20 nm
Or
10 nm if lead aircraft is flying 20 kts or faster than trailing aircraft
What is the distance separation if we are on crossing tracks (not exceeding 90 degrees)
20 nm
Or
10 nm if lead aircraft is flying 20 kts or faster than trailing aircraft
What is distance separation between aircraft climbing or descending in the same track while vertical separation does not exist?
10 nm and one aircraft has to maintain level
When can both aircraft start changing level in distance separation?
When both are on a reciprocal track (flying away from each other) with a 10 nm Sep
When can you apply the Mach number technique to turbojet aircraft on the same track, whether in level, climbing or descending flight in time separation?
When the aircraft have reported over the same common point and follow the same track or continuously diverging tracks until some other form of separation is provided
Or
If they did not report over same point, it’s possible to ensure that the time interval will exist at the common point
Applying the Mach number technique, what is the time required between two aircraft, when leading aircraft is flying Mach 0.04 or faster?
7 minutes
Applying the Mach number technique, what is the time required between two aircraft, when leading aircraft is flying Mach 0.02 or faster?
9 minutes
Applying the Mach number technique, what is the time required between two aircraft, when leading aircraft is flying Mach 0.06 or faster?
5 minutes
How can you separate laterally?
Geographical or track
How can you separate longitudinal?
In time or distance
How can you obtain lateral separation?
Is obtained by requiring operation on different routes or in different geographical locations by either
- visual observation
- use of navigation aids
- area navigation equipment (RNAV)
How can you separate lateral
- By reference to the same or different geographical locations
- By using the same nav aids
- VOR: diverging by at least 15 degrees from nav aid and one aircraft is 15 nm or more from the vor
- NDB: diverging by at least 30 degrees from nav aid and one aircraft is 15 nm or more from NDB
- Dead reckoning: outbound ONLY and diverging by at least 45 degrees and one aircraft is 15 nm or more from intersection
- RNAV: outbound ONLY, tracks diverging by at least 15 degrees and the protected airspace of the tracks do not overlap
What is the initial call for when an aircraft has been seen on the PSR?
“C/s, radar, indentified”
What is radar an abbreviation of?
Radio detection and ranging
What can help you identify an aircraft from PSR plots?
- Flightplan (expected traffic)
- position report
- Bearing and distance from a point
- AND by confirming heading
- known T/O
- turn method
What do you as ATC have to do if you lost identification of an aircraft?
Inform the pilot
Can you identify an aircraft as approach, if you know they just took off?
Yes within 1 nm
What is the minimum change of heading for identification?
30 degrees
Mention possible reasons for loss of identification
- beyond radar coverage
- weak PSR due to size of aircraft or distance
- radar failure
- weather or ground clutter
- other radar interference
What can help you identify a plot on SSR?
- FPL
- recognizing the callsign
- recognizing Mode A
- recognizing Mode S
- change of Mode A
- squawk IDENT
What is the three stages of identification with SSR?
- Possibly the aircraft
- Probably
- Positive identification
How can you do a transfer report?
- By automated means
- By discrete code or aircraft address
- By C/S and that it is Mode S equipped
- By C/S and that it is ADS-B equipped
- Direct by pointing
- By position indication
- By change of Mode A
- By squawk IDENT
What is the minimum Airspace Boundary?
Minimum 2.5 nm
Controlled flights shall not fly in a Uncontrolled Airspace unless what?
- Due to emergency
- CB activity
- Request of the pilot
What is the 3 levels of Flexible Use Of Airspace (FUA)?
Level 1: Strategic ASM
Level 2: Pre-tactical ASM
Level 3: Tactical ASM
What is a D area?
D = Danger - IFR can’t fly here
What is a R area?
R = Restriction - military activity
What is a P area?
P = Prohibited - paven fx
What does TSA stand for?
TSA = Temporary Segregated Area
What are the 3 categories for CDR?
CDR = Conditional Routes
1. Permanently planable
2. Non-permanently planable
3. Non-planable
When is the deadline for an aircrafts submission of a FP according to EASA?
FP = Flight Plan
Deadline is 2 hours before takeoff - this is called: Estimated Of Block Time
What is Longitudinal Separation?
Separation with Time (minutes) and Distance (nm)
What is Lateral Separation?
Between Routes and Points
What is non-radar Separation?
Longitudinal and Lateral - No Surveillance
What is a Yankee Flightplan?
From IFR to VFR
What is a Zulu Flightplan?
From VFR to IFR
What is the separation from a VOR station in Lateral Separation?
15/15
15 degrees - 15 nm
What is the separation from a NDB station in Lateral Separation?
30/15
30 degrees - 15 nm
What is the separation from a Dead Reckoning station in Lateral Separation?
45/15
45 degrees - 15 nm
Begge skal være outbound
What is the separation from a RNAV station in Lateral Separation?
15/(15)
15 degrees - typisk 15 nm ikke fastsat
Begge skal være outbound
What is TIZ?
Traffic Information Zone
What is RMZ?
Radio Mandatory Zone