Asterids Flashcards
What features define the asterids?
Petals united
Stamen number usually less than or equal to petal number
Ovules with one integument
Megasporangium thin walled
What are the main branches in the Asterid lineage?
Cornales
Ericales
Lamiids
Campanulids
Where is the ovary usually located in Lamiids?
Superior
Where is the ovary usually located in Campanulids?
Inferior
Which taxa of the Lamiids are native to the UK?
Gentianales
Solanales
Boraginales
Lamiales
Which taxa of the Campanulids are native to the UK?
Aquifoliales
Asterales
Apiales
Dipsacales
Describe the features of Cornaceae.
Leaves opposite
Stipules absent
Elastic vascular tissue
Inferior ovary
What is the common name of Cornaceae?
Dogwood
What is the floral formula of the Cornaceae?
So, K(4), C4, A4, Gi(2), drupe
Describe the features of Ericaceae.
Leaves usually alternate Stipules absent Flower nodding Corolla cylindrical or urceolate Usually axile placentation
What is the floral formula of the Ericaceae?
So/z, K{4-5}, C(4-5), A4-10, Gs/i(2-10), capsule, berry, drupe
What tribes can the Ericaceae subfamily Monotrpoideae be divided into?
Monotropeae
Pterosporeae
Pyroleae
What are some UK native genera of Pyroleae?
Pyrola
Moneses
Orthilia
Give a UK native genera of Monotropeae.
Hypopitys
What type of organism are Monotropeae?
Mycoparasites
What are some UK native genera of Ericoideae?
Arbutus Arctous Arctostaphylos Kalmia Phyllodoce Daboecia Empetrum Calluna Erica Rhododendron Andromeda Vaccinium
Describe the features of Primulaceae.
UK natives are herbs
Leaves alternate
Stipules absent
Stamens 4-5, opposite corolla lobes, attached to corolla tube
Ovary superior, with free central placentation
What is the floral formula of Primulaceae?
So, K(5), (C(5), A(5)), Gs(5), capsule
What are some UK native genera of Primulaceae?
Primula Hottonia Lysimachia Samolus Trientalis
What is heterostyly?
When a species has multiple morphological types of flower, which differ in length of pistil and stamen
What flower types exist in distylous species?
Pin - Short stamen, long pistil
Thrum - Long stamen, short pistil
What genera is known for being distylous?
Primula
What features define the Lamiids?
Entire leaf margins
Fusion of stamen filaments with corolla tube
Ovary superior
Fruit capsule or berry
What order of Asterid are the Rubiaceae in?
Gentianales
What is the floral formula of Rubiaceae?
So, K(4-5), (C(4), A4), Gi(2), capsule, berry
What are some UK native genera of Rubiaceae?
Rubia Gallum Cruciata Asperula Sherardia
What order of Asterid are the Boraginaceae in?
Boraginales
Describe the features of the Boraginaceae.
Leaves alternate
Stipules absent
Vegetative parts often unpleasantly bristly
Inflorescence a scorpioid cyme
What is the floral formula of the Boraginaceae?
So, K(5), (C(5), A5), Gs(2), capsule, schizocarp of 2/4 nutlets
What feature is seen in the corolla of Boraginaceae?
A pH change resulting in colour change as it opens
Give some UK native genera of Boraginaceae.
Cynoglossum Symphytum Anchusa Pulmonaria Myosotis Lithospermum Mertensia Echium
What features define most of the Lamiales? (excludes Plocospermataceae, Carlemanniaceae, Oleaceae and Trtrachondraceae)
Upper lobe - 2 united petals
Lower lobe - 3 united petals
Stamens didynamous - 2+2
Describe the features of Plantaginaceae.
Herbs Leaves usually alternate Stipules absent Head of hairs lacking vertical partitions Stamens didynamous usually Mostly actinomorphic flowers Placentation axile Capsule with many seeds
What is the floral formula of the Plantaginaceae?
So/z, K(4-5), (C(2+3)or(4), A2+2 or 2), Gs(2), capsule
What are some UK native genera of Plantaginaceae?
Cymbalaria Linaria Sibthorpia Hippuris Callitriche Digitalis Veronica Littorella Plantago
What are some UK native genera of Scrophulariaceae?
Verbascum
Scrophularia
Buddleja
What are some UK native genera of Orobanchaceae?
Rhinanthus
Euphrasia
Orobanche
Describe the features of the Lamiaceae?
Stems square Leaves opposite, decussate Stipules absent Flowers apparently in whorls Ovules 2 per carpel -> 4 seeds Calyx persistent Aromatic
What is the floral formula of the Lamiaceae?
Sz, K(5), (C(2+3), A(2+3)), Gs(2), 4 nutlets
Give some UK native genera of the Lamiaceae and describe the flower in each case.
Corolla lobes equal - Mentha, Lycopus, Thymus
Upper lip 0 or nearly so - Teucrium, Ajuga
Upper liplower - Lamiastrum, Galeopsis
Lateral lobes reduced - Lamium
Calyx 2 lobed - Scutellaria
What features define the Campanulids?
Often serrate leaf margins
Inferior ovaries
Free stamens
Fruit indehiscent
Describe the Asteraceae.
Leaves alternate
Stipules absent
Inflorescence a capitulum
Anthers usually united
What is the floral formula of the Asteraceae?
So/z, Kn, (C(5), A(5)), Gi(2), achene
What type of flowers exist in the capitulum of Asteraceae?
Ray flower
Disc flower
What types of genera of Asteraceae are native to the UK?
Thistles
Dandelions
Everlasting firs
Daisies
Describe the Apiaceae.
Herbs
Leaves alternate, usually highly dissected
Stipules usually absent
Inflorescence an umbel, usually compound
What is the floral formula of the Apiaceae?
So/z, Ko/5, C5, A5, Gi(2), schizocarp
In Apiaceae the basal part of the style is often enlarged, what is this known as?
Stylopodium
In Apiaceae the fruit is often attached to a central stalk, what is this known as?
Carpophore
