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Plant ID > Asterids > Flashcards

Asterids Flashcards

1
Q

What features define the asterids?

A

Petals united
Stamen number usually less than or equal to petal number
Ovules with one integument
Megasporangium thin walled

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2
Q

What are the main branches in the Asterid lineage?

A

Cornales
Ericales
Lamiids
Campanulids

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3
Q

Where is the ovary usually located in Lamiids?

A

Superior

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4
Q

Where is the ovary usually located in Campanulids?

A

Inferior

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5
Q

Which taxa of the Lamiids are native to the UK?

A

Gentianales
Solanales
Boraginales
Lamiales

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6
Q

Which taxa of the Campanulids are native to the UK?

A

Aquifoliales
Asterales
Apiales
Dipsacales

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7
Q

Describe the features of Cornaceae.

A

Leaves opposite
Stipules absent
Elastic vascular tissue
Inferior ovary

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8
Q

What is the common name of Cornaceae?

A

Dogwood

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9
Q

What is the floral formula of the Cornaceae?

A

So, K(4), C4, A4, Gi(2), drupe

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10
Q

Describe the features of Ericaceae.

A 
Leaves usually alternate
Stipules absent
Flower nodding
Corolla cylindrical or urceolate
Usually axile placentation
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11
Q

What is the floral formula of the Ericaceae?

A

So/z, K{4-5}, C(4-5), A4-10, Gs/i(2-10), capsule, berry, drupe

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12
Q

What tribes can the Ericaceae subfamily Monotrpoideae be divided into?

A

Monotropeae
Pterosporeae
Pyroleae

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13
Q

What are some UK native genera of Pyroleae?

A

Pyrola
Moneses
Orthilia

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14
Q

Give a UK native genera of Monotropeae.

A

Hypopitys

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15
Q

What type of organism are Monotropeae?

A

Mycoparasites

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16
Q

What are some UK native genera of Ericoideae?

A 
Arbutus
Arctous
Arctostaphylos
Kalmia
Phyllodoce
Daboecia
Empetrum
Calluna
Erica
Rhododendron
Andromeda
Vaccinium
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17
Q

Describe the features of Primulaceae.

A

UK natives are herbs
Leaves alternate
Stipules absent
Stamens 4-5, opposite corolla lobes, attached to corolla tube
Ovary superior, with free central placentation

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18
Q

What is the floral formula of Primulaceae?

A

So, K(5), (C(5), A(5)), Gs(5), capsule

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19
Q

What are some UK native genera of Primulaceae?

A 
Primula
Hottonia
Lysimachia
Samolus
Trientalis
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20
Q

What is heterostyly?

A

When a species has multiple morphological types of flower, which differ in length of pistil and stamen

21
Q

What flower types exist in distylous species?

A

Pin - Short stamen, long pistil

Thrum - Long stamen, short pistil

22
Q

What genera is known for being distylous?

A

Primula

23
Q

What features define the Lamiids?

A

Entire leaf margins
Fusion of stamen filaments with corolla tube
Ovary superior
Fruit capsule or berry

24
Q

What order of Asterid are the Rubiaceae in?

A

Gentianales

25
Q

What is the floral formula of Rubiaceae?

A

So, K(4-5), (C(4), A4), Gi(2), capsule, berry

26
Q

What are some UK native genera of Rubiaceae?

A 
Rubia
Gallum
Cruciata
Asperula
Sherardia
27
Q

What order of Asterid are the Boraginaceae in?

A

Boraginales

28
Q

Describe the features of the Boraginaceae.

A

Leaves alternate
Stipules absent
Vegetative parts often unpleasantly bristly
Inflorescence a scorpioid cyme

29
Q

What is the floral formula of the Boraginaceae?

A

So, K(5), (C(5), A5), Gs(2), capsule, schizocarp of 2/4 nutlets

30
Q

What feature is seen in the corolla of Boraginaceae?

A

A pH change resulting in colour change as it opens

31
Q

Give some UK native genera of Boraginaceae.

A 
Cynoglossum
Symphytum
Anchusa
Pulmonaria
Myosotis
Lithospermum
Mertensia
Echium
32
Q

What features define most of the Lamiales? (excludes Plocospermataceae, Carlemanniaceae, Oleaceae and Trtrachondraceae)

A

Upper lobe - 2 united petals
Lower lobe - 3 united petals
Stamens didynamous - 2+2

33
Q

Describe the features of Plantaginaceae.

A 
Herbs
Leaves usually alternate
Stipules absent
Head of hairs lacking vertical partitions
Stamens didynamous usually
Mostly actinomorphic flowers
Placentation axile
Capsule with many seeds
34
Q

What is the floral formula of the Plantaginaceae?

A

So/z, K(4-5), (C(2+3)or(4), A2+2 or 2), Gs(2), capsule

35
Q

What are some UK native genera of Plantaginaceae?

A 
Cymbalaria
Linaria
Sibthorpia
Hippuris
Callitriche
Digitalis
Veronica
Littorella
Plantago
36
Q

What are some UK native genera of Scrophulariaceae?

A

Verbascum
Scrophularia
Buddleja

37
Q

What are some UK native genera of Orobanchaceae?

A

Rhinanthus
Euphrasia
Orobanche

38
Q

Describe the features of the Lamiaceae?

A 
Stems square 
Leaves opposite, decussate
Stipules absent
Flowers apparently in whorls
Ovules 2 per carpel -> 4 seeds
Calyx persistent
Aromatic
39
Q

What is the floral formula of the Lamiaceae?

A

Sz, K(5), (C(2+3), A(2+3)), Gs(2), 4 nutlets

40
Q

Give some UK native genera of the Lamiaceae and describe the flower in each case.

A

Corolla lobes equal - Mentha, Lycopus, Thymus
Upper lip 0 or nearly so - Teucrium, Ajuga
Upper liplower - Lamiastrum, Galeopsis
Lateral lobes reduced - Lamium
Calyx 2 lobed - Scutellaria

41
Q

What features define the Campanulids?

A

Often serrate leaf margins
Inferior ovaries
Free stamens
Fruit indehiscent

42
Q

Describe the Asteraceae.

A

Leaves alternate
Stipules absent
Inflorescence a capitulum
Anthers usually united

43
Q

What is the floral formula of the Asteraceae?

A

So/z, Kn, (C(5), A(5)), Gi(2), achene

44
Q

What type of flowers exist in the capitulum of Asteraceae?

A

Ray flower

Disc flower

45
Q

What types of genera of Asteraceae are native to the UK?

A

Thistles
Dandelions
Everlasting firs
Daisies

46
Q

Describe the Apiaceae.

A

Herbs
Leaves alternate, usually highly dissected
Stipules usually absent
Inflorescence an umbel, usually compound

47
Q

What is the floral formula of the Apiaceae?

A

So/z, Ko/5, C5, A5, Gi(2), schizocarp

48
Q

In Apiaceae the basal part of the style is often enlarged, what is this known as?

A

Stylopodium

49
Q

In Apiaceae the fruit is often attached to a central stalk, what is this known as?

A

Carpophore

Plant ID (10 decks)

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