ASSUMPTIONS Flashcards
1
Q
COMPUTER ANALOGY
A
- Mind is like a computer
- Takes info (input)
- changes/stores it (process)
- recalled when needed (output)
- cognitive processes used in process stage
2
Q
COMPUTER ANALOGY EXAMPLE
A
-multi-store model of memory (Atkinson & Shriffin)
-info (input) through senses goes to STM
- then to LTM
Is output when required
3
Q
INTERNAL MENTAL PROCESSES
A
- humans are information processors
- cognitive processes all work together to make sense of and respond
- attention perception memory and language
4
Q
INTERNAL MENTAL PROCESSES EXAMPLE
A
- Dog
- pay attention
- perceive features
- use memory to find a match to something we have seen already
- language to name it
5
Q
SCHEMAS
A
- organised packets of information built up through experiences
- stored in LTM
- derived from past experiences yet can be refined through interaction
- not always true to reality as built up through social exchange rather than personal
6
Q
SCHEMAS EXAMPLE
A
- Burglar schema: young, male balaclava
- event schema (scripts): restaurant
- role schemas: nurse
7
Q
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF FREE WILL
A
- humans in charge of emotions and have free will to change them
- strengths and virtues can be enhanced to achieve the good life
- happiness not due to genes rather knowing our strengths and developing them to reduce negativity (seligman)
8
Q
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF FREE WILL EXAMPLE
A
- Dierner and Seligman
- looked at ties students had to friends and family
- measured in how much time invested in each
- found stronger ties to friends and family happier
- negative correlation between happiness and depression
- shows in control as choose to engage in activities
9
Q
AUTHENTICITY OF GOODNESS & EXCELLENCE
A
- celebrate the good things in life rather than magnify the worst
- we have inherent traits ‘signature strengths’ eg kindness generosity and humour should be nurtured
- rather than fixing what’s wrong therapist facilitated positive well-being and achieving fulfilment
- focus on traits the produce goodness and excellence
- this understanding will protect individual from future mental health problems
10
Q
FOCUS ON THE GOOD LIFE
A
- focusing on factors that contribute to a well lived life
- 3 desirable lives: pleasant, good, meaningful
- start and pleasant life and carry on to god life with good relationships and work
- need to develop strengths and virtues as they are natural forms of gratification
- good life is a combo of positive connection to others, positive individual traits, life regulation qualities
11
Q
EVOLUTIONARY INFLUENCES
A
- shows how the mind and behaviour has changed and adapted over millions of years
- based on natural selection where genes that increase the chance of survival are naturally selected and passed on
- EEA: environment of evolutionary adaptive ness. Environment species adapt to. Only behaviours that enhance survival are adapted.
12
Q
LOCALISATION OF BRAIN FUNCTIONS
A
- certain areas responsible for different functions
- cerebral cortex: covers brain and responsible for higher cognitive functions
- frontal lobes: thinking and creativity personality
- parietal: sensory info eg temp
- temporal: memory and auditory processing
- occipital: visual processing
13
Q
LOCALISATION OF BRAIN FUNCTIONS EXAMPLE
A
-Brocas area studies patients with language problems found damage in a specific area in left hemisphere
14
Q
EVOLUTIONARY INFLUENCES EXAMPLE
A
- altruistic behaviour parents risk their lives to save their offspring
- inherited adaptive trait as saving an offspring enhances survival of that gene pool
15
Q
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
A
- neurones electrically excitable cells form the nervous system
- communicate at synapse where message is relayed through chemical messengers (neurotransmitters)
- released from pre-synaptic vesicles in one neutron and inhibit or stimulate receptors in another Neuron
- Synaptic cleft is what they cross
