Article 3b: The Sources Of Leader Violence: A comparison of ideological and non-ideological leaders (Mumford et al., 2007) Flashcards

1
Q

Design of the study

A

This study analysed 80 historically notable leaders (violent and non-violent) and looked at factors that might predispose leaders to violence (individual, organisational and environmental factors).

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2
Q

Different types of leaders

A

Prominent leaders, of any type, emerge in response to a crisis:
- Ideological leaders: respond trough crisis by creating a vision of the future that is based on shared social values.
- Charismatic leaders: attempt to resolve the crisis through thier personal traits, motives and characeteristics (power motives, narcissism, authoritarianism).
- Pragmatic leaders: respons to crisis with a sense-making strategy based on analysis and manipulation of the current problem. Focus on pratical and critical evaluation.

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3
Q

Ideological leaders differ from charismatic leaders in terms of:

A
  • Just-world commitment: the world operates through a set of shared norms and values, and moral order. Focus on adressing crisis trough principles that reinforce fairness, justice etc.
  • Ideological extremism
  • Oppositional bonding: bonding through a shared enemy.
  • Impositions of interpretive structures: Ideological leaders provide a specific framework for understanding the world. They provide their followers with a way to interpret events and situations through the lens of their ideology, often discouraging alternative viewpoints.
  • Value-based control: keeping influence through deeply held values and moral obligation.
  • Social disruption: initiate changes that disrupt the current social structures.
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4
Q

Key factors that predicted violence in ideological leaders

A
  • Just-world commitments: predicted institutional violence.
  • Value-based control: predicted cultural violence.
  • Imposition of interpretive structures: ideological leadership reshapes societal norms and values through sense-breaking (breaking old values) and sense-making (making new values), leading to cultural violence.
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5
Q

Ideological leadership is particularly prone to violence when combined with:

A
  • Selective information processing: no room for other opinions.
  • Group insularity: isolation from other thinkers.
  • Institutional sanctioning: when institutions sanction behaviour, they allow some behaviours and discourage others.
  • Corruption: abuse of power, unethical behaviour.
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6
Q

Main results

A

It was found that attributes of ideological leadership influenced the amount of violence, and the occurrence of institutional and cultural violence.

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