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BIOL-120 > Arthrodopods > Flashcards

Arthrodopods Flashcards

1
Q

WHat phlum are athropods and nematodes part of?

A

Ecdysozoans

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2
Q

What are features of Ecdysozoans?

A

undergo prosses of ecdysis (or molting)
secrete a protein or polysaccharide rich cuticle that covers their bodies
cuticles are periodically molted

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3
Q

WHat are Nematoda?

A

roundworms
parasitic, aquatic and terrestrial
Pseudocoelomates with fluid-filled hydrostatic skeletion
long, cylindrical and tapered
collagen cuticle
longitudinal fibres for muscles

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4
Q

WHat is the diversity of Nematodes?

A

30,000 sopecies described over 1 million estimated
estimates are that there are 57 billion of them for every single living human

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5
Q

WHere do Nematodes live?

A

soil (anywhere)
abundance positively correlated with organic material soil

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6
Q

Due to presence of nematodes in soil food webs what are they indicators of?

A

soil health

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7
Q

WHat are the 5 subphylums of Arthropods (one extinct)?

A

Trilobitomorpha (extinct)
Chelicerata
Myriapoda
Crustacae
Hexapoda

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8
Q

What are arthropod characteristics?

A

jointed appendages
segmented body
external skeleton

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9
Q

What is the arthropod exoskeleton?

A

epidermis secretes the exoskeltion or cuticle, is periodically molted

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10
Q

What are the advantages of having an exoskeleton?

A

provides support and levers for muscle attachment
offers physical protection
serves as a barrier to prevent desiccation
serves as a barrier to prevent infection

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11
Q

WHat are Jointed appendages?

A

exoskeleton divides into plates and cylinders and at their junctions are joints

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12
Q

What are the advantages to having jointed appendages?

A

act as hinges, allowing them to bend and extend its limbs
efficient movement by creating greater flexibility and range of movement

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13
Q

WHat are arthropod respiratory specializations?

A

metabolize more efficiently = move more effectively
large surface are of respiratory organs

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14
Q

How do arthopods obtain oxygen?

A

gills (crabs and lobsters etc.)
trachea (insects)
book lungs - stack of alternating air pockets between tissue (spiders)

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15
Q

What are features of the Subphylum Chelicerata?

A

no antenna body 2 tagmata (fused segments) = cephalothorax and abdomen
six pairs of appendages; first are modified feeding structures - chelicerae, second - pedipalps

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16
Q

What are Merostomata?

A

class of chelicerate arthropods like horseshoe crabs

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17
Q

What is tje oldest known horeshoe crab?

A

Lunataspis aurora - 445mya

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18
Q

When do horseshoe crabs mate?

A

each spring during the high tides of the new and full moons

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19
Q

Why do horseshoe crabs have blue blood?

A

they have oxygen carrying protein hemocyanin which contains copper.

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20
Q

What can horseshoe crab blood be used for?

A

test the efficacy of drugs against bacteria - as blood will gel when in contact with bacterial endotoxins

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21
Q

What are Arachnids? and numbers?

A

Class of Chelicerate arthropods - Spiders 40,000, mites and ticks 45000, scorpions, whip scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen

22
Q

What are Myriapods?

A

centipedes and milipides

23
Q

What are features of All Myriapoda?

A

two tagmata - head and trunk - with paired appendages on trunk segments
head with single pair of antennae, mandibles and 2 pairs of maxillae

24
Q

What are Chilopoda?

A

Centipedes

25
Q

What are features of Chilopoda (centipedes)?

A

serial segmented flattened body and each segment has a pair of jointed appendages
active predators, killing prey with venomous claws

26
Q

What are Diplopoda?

A

millipedes

27
Q

What are characteristics of Diplopoda (millipedes)?

A

serially segmented, rounded body with 2 smaller pairs of legs per segment
slow moving; detritivores (feed on decaying plant material)

28
Q

What are Crustaceans?

A

lobsters, shrimps, and crabs

29
Q

What are the purposes of Crustaceans?

A

in the sea fill many ecological roles tat insects play on land like eating plants, other animals, or detritus

30
Q

What are characteristics of Crustaceans?

A

2 pair of antennae, head with a pair of compound eyes and 3 pairs of mouthparts; a pair of mandibles, and 2 pairs of maxillae; used for food handling
body usually comprised of 3 tagmata; head, thorax and abdomen

31
Q

What is the early larval stage of crustaceans called?

A

nauplius larva (not for crayfish)

32
Q

What are the stages of a Crustacean life cycle?

A

egg -> nauplius -> protozoea -> mysis -> postlarval stage -> adult

33
Q

What are Hexapods?

A

Insects + Springtails

34
Q

What is unique about insects evolutionarily?

A

first animals to evolve wings (350 mya)

35
Q

What are characteristics of Hexapoda?

A

bodies divided into three units or tagmata; an anterior head, thorax, and posterior abdomen

36
Q

What are the features of the insect head?

A

eyes, pair of antennae, mandibles, maxillae

37
Q

What are the features of the insect thorax?

A

3 segments with pair of legs - most 2nd and 3rd segments suppoort wings

38
Q

What are the features of the insect appendages?

A

on the abdomen are reduced, restricted to the external genitalia and or a pair of sensory cerci

39
Q

What is incomplete (hemimetabulous) metamorphis?

A

egg -> nymphs -> adult
adult stage resembles nymph stage and is only distinguished by size and wings
e.g. dragonflies

40
Q

What is complete (holometabulous) metamorphis?

A

egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult
each stage looks distinctly different from each other e.g. butterflies,bees

41
Q

How many known species of insects are there?

A

1 million

42
Q

What is the order that mayflies belong to?

A

Ephemeroptera

43
Q

What is the Order that dragonflies and damselflies belong toi?

A

Odonata

44
Q

WHat is the order that grasshoppers and crickets belong to?

A

Orthoptera

45
Q

What is the order that termites belong to?

A

Isoptera

46
Q

What is the order that true bugs belong to?

A

hemiptera

47
Q

WHat is the order that beetles belong to?

A

Coleoptera

48
Q

What is the order of moths and butterflies?

A

lepidoptera

49
Q

What is the order of true flies?

A

Diptera

50
Q

What are botflies?

A

larva of all species are internal parasites of mammals

51
Q

What is the Order of Fleas?

A

Siphonoptera

52
Q

WHat is the order of wasps, bees and ants?

A

Hymenoptera

BIOL-120 (15 decks)

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