Arterial supply of midgut and foregut

Question 1

At what level does the abdominal aorta enter the abdominal cavity and terminate?

Answer 1

Enters at T12 through aortic hiatus
Terminates L4 splits to form left and right common iliac arteries
run just anterior to vertebral bodies

Question 2

What are the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 2

1) coeliac trunk
2) Superior Mesenteric artery
3) Inferior Mesenteric artery

Question 3

Blood supply to diaphragm?:

Answer 3

Subcostal and lowest 5 intercostal arteries
inferior phrenic arteries
superior phrenic arteries

Question 4

Where does the IVC enter and leave the abdomen

Answer 4

Starts at L5, formed by the union of left and right common iliac veins
Ascends to right of the aorta
Passes through an opening of the diaphragm at T8

Question 5

What are the branches of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 5

• Splenic artery (left, largest diameter)
• Left gastric artery (travelling upward, smallest diameter)
• Common hepatic artery (right)

Question 6

What are branches of the splenic artery and what do they supply

Answer 6

1) Short gastric arteries which supply the stomach

2) Left Gastro-omental, supplies which supply body of the stomach

Question 7

What does the left gastric artery supply?

Answer 7

Ascends to supply distal end of oesophagus then descends to supply the stomach

Question 8

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery and what do they supply?

Answer 8

1) Right Gastric - the body of the stomach and pyloric region
2) Gastroduodenal - splits into right gastro-omental (anastomoses with left), the body of stomach and pyloric region and superior pancreatic-duodenal, head of pancreas and duodenum

Question 9

Where and to what name does the common hepatic artery change to?

Answer 9

After the gastroduodenal artery branch name changes to hepatic artery proper, hepatic artery proper then gives off right and left hepatic arteries which enter porta hepatis (right gives off cystic artery)

Question 10

Branches of the superior mesenteric?

Answer 10

1) Pancreaticoduodenal
2) jejunal
3) ileal
4) ileocolic (caecum and proximal and distal ascending colon), appendicular arises from it to supply appendix
4) mid-colic (proximal transverse colon)

Question 11

What are the anatomical differences between jejunal and ileal arteries?

Answer 11

• Both are made up of arterial arcades (arches which give off straight vessels along them) and vasa recta (branches that supply the bowel wall)
• fewer jejunal arcades (more spaced out)
• more distance between vasa recta in jejunal
• longer vasa recta in jejunal