Arterial Catheters Flashcards
0
Q
What are the sites for insertion?
A
- radial (most common because of collateral circulation)
- axillary
- brachial
- dorsalis pedis
- femoral
1
Q
What are the indications for cannulation?
A
- arterial pressure in unstable patients (receiving vasoactive drugs, extremes in bp, increase svr)
- obtaining ABGs
- determining CMO
- future may include gas analyzers
2
Q
What are the complications?
A
- arteritis
- air emboli
- bleeding
- clot emboli
- infection
- ischemia and necrosis
3
Q
What is the equipment?
A
- arterial line kit
- heparinized IV solution
- leur lock (stopcock)
- transducer
- recorder/monitor
4
Q
What is the equation for MAP?
A
Systolic x (diastolic x 2)
————————— = 93 mmHg
3
5
Q
What causes decreased pressure?
A
- hypovolemia (fluid/blood loss, cardiac failure, vasodilation)
- aortic stenosis
- arrhythmias
6
Q
What causes increased pressure?
A
- increased volume
- vasoconstriction
- drugs- vasoconstrict
- arteriosclerosis
- aortic insufficiency
7
Q
What is pulse pressure?
A
- gross estimate of CMO
- result of stroke volume, arterial compliance, arterial resistance
- an increase in stroke volume or decrease in compliance tends to increase systolic pressure
- difference between systolic and diastolic
8
Q
What is mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
A
- good indicator of tissue perfusion
- if less than or equal to 60, vital organs may not be perfused
9
Q
What are the disparities between direct/indirect measurements?
A
- cuff pressure occurs because of vibrations of arterial wall
- with increase arterial contraction in hypo. diastolic runoff is slowed and there is a decrease in pressure gradient. cuff pressure is falsely LOW
- cuff pressure should be 5-20 less than arterial pressure
10
Q
T/F: the bag must be pressurized above 300 and have heparin in it
A
True
