Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards
What is the heart?
a muscular pump that maintains circulation of the blood through the vessels to all parts of the body
What is the pericardium?
a loose nondistensible sac that encases the heart
What are the layers of the pericardium?
fibrous pericardium
parietal serous pericardium
visceral serous pericardium
What is the fibrous pericardium and what does it do?
the outermost layer of the pericardium. it protects and anchors the heart
What is the parietal serous pericardium and what does it do?
the middle layer of the pericardium. it reduces frictional resistance
What is the visceral serous pericardium and what does it do?
the innermost layer of the pericardium. it directly adheres to the heart and also called the epicardium
What is cardiac tamponade?
abnormal fluid and/or blood accumulation in the pericardial space that may impede normal filling of the heart and hence compromise of cardiac output
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
What is the epicardium?
the most superficial layer of the heart wall
What is the myocardium?
the middle layer of the heart wall
What is the endocardium?
the internal lining of the heart wall
What are the four chambers of the heart?
two atria
two ventricles
What separates the two atria from the two ventricles externally?
coronary sulcus
What separates the two atria from each other externally?
roots of the aorta and pulmonary artery
What separates the two ventricles from each other externally?
interventricular sulcus
What separates the two atria from the ventricles internally?
fibroskeleton of the heart
What separates the two atria from each other internally?
interatrial septum
What separates the two ventricles from each other internally?
interventricular septum
What does the fibroskeleton consist of?
fibrous rings (fibrous interventricular septum, right and left trigone, tendon of conus)
What are the functions of the fibroskeleton?
- houses four cardiac valves
- serves as origin and point of insertion for atrial and ventricular bands of muscle
- electrically isolates atrial muscle bundles from ventricular muscle bundles
Where is the right atrium?
positioned above the right ventricle. larger than the left and has a thinner wall
What two parts of the right atrium make up the right cavity?
- major cavity (sinus venarum)
- minor cavity (right auricle)
Where does the right atrium accept blood from?
- the superior vena cava
- the inferior vena cava
- the coronary sinus
Where is the left atrium?
positioned about the left ventricle. smaller than the right and has a thicker wall
What two parts of the left atrium make up the left cavity?
- major cavity of left atrium
- left auricle
Where does the right ventricle receive venous blood from?
the right atrium though an opening called the right AV orifice
What does the right AV orifice contain?
tricuspid valve
How does blood exit the right ventricle?
passes into the pulmonary artery via an opening called the orifice of the pulmonary trunk
What does the pulmonary orifice contain?
pulmonic semilunar valve
Where does the left ventricle receive arterial blood from?
the left atrium through the left AV orifice
What does the left AV orifice contain?
the bicuspid or mitral valve
How does the blood exit the left ventricle?
from the cavity of the left ventricle into the root of the aorta by passing through the aortic opening
