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RTH 236 > Anatomy of the Heart > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the heart?

A

a muscular pump that maintains circulation of the blood through the vessels to all parts of the body

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2
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

a loose nondistensible sac that encases the heart

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3
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium?

A

fibrous pericardium
parietal serous pericardium
visceral serous pericardium

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4
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium and what does it do?

A

the outermost layer of the pericardium. it protects and anchors the heart

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5
Q

What is the parietal serous pericardium and what does it do?

A

the middle layer of the pericardium. it reduces frictional resistance

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6
Q

What is the visceral serous pericardium and what does it do?

A

the innermost layer of the pericardium. it directly adheres to the heart and also called the epicardium

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7
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

abnormal fluid and/or blood accumulation in the pericardial space that may impede normal filling of the heart and hence compromise of cardiac output

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8
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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9
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

the most superficial layer of the heart wall

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10
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

the middle layer of the heart wall

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11
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

the internal lining of the heart wall

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12
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

two atria

two ventricles

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13
Q

What separates the two atria from the two ventricles externally?

A

coronary sulcus

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14
Q

What separates the two atria from each other externally?

A

roots of the aorta and pulmonary artery

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15
Q

What separates the two ventricles from each other externally?

A

interventricular sulcus

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16
Q

What separates the two atria from the ventricles internally?

A

fibroskeleton of the heart

17
Q

What separates the two atria from each other internally?

A

interatrial septum

18
Q

What separates the two ventricles from each other internally?

A

interventricular septum

19
Q

What does the fibroskeleton consist of?

A

fibrous rings (fibrous interventricular septum, right and left trigone, tendon of conus)

20
Q

What are the functions of the fibroskeleton?

A
  • houses four cardiac valves
  • serves as origin and point of insertion for atrial and ventricular bands of muscle
  • electrically isolates atrial muscle bundles from ventricular muscle bundles
21
Q

Where is the right atrium?

A

positioned above the right ventricle. larger than the left and has a thinner wall

22
Q

What two parts of the right atrium make up the right cavity?

A
  • major cavity (sinus venarum)

- minor cavity (right auricle)

23
Q

Where does the right atrium accept blood from?

A
  • the superior vena cava
  • the inferior vena cava
  • the coronary sinus
24
Q

Where is the left atrium?

A

positioned about the left ventricle. smaller than the right and has a thicker wall

25
Q

What two parts of the left atrium make up the left cavity?

A
  • major cavity of left atrium

- left auricle

26
Q

Where does the right ventricle receive venous blood from?

A

the right atrium though an opening called the right AV orifice

27
Q

What does the right AV orifice contain?

A

tricuspid valve

28
Q

How does blood exit the right ventricle?

A

passes into the pulmonary artery via an opening called the orifice of the pulmonary trunk

29
Q

What does the pulmonary orifice contain?

A

pulmonic semilunar valve

30
Q

Where does the left ventricle receive arterial blood from?

A

the left atrium through the left AV orifice

31
Q

What does the left AV orifice contain?

A

the bicuspid or mitral valve

32
Q

How does the blood exit the left ventricle?

A

from the cavity of the left ventricle into the root of the aorta by passing through the aortic opening

RTH 236 (21 decks)

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