Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular system > arrhythmia-therapies > Flashcards

arrhythmia-therapies Flashcards

1
Q

give 2 examples of supraventricular arrhythmias?

A

atrial fibrillation

SVT (junctional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

give 2 ventricular arrhythmias?

A

ventricular tachycardia

ventricular fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe the appearnance of ventricular fibrillation on an ECG

A

HR-300-600
rhythm- extremely irregular
p wave- absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the action of class IA Vaughn-Williams anti-arrythmia drugs?

A

fast sodium-channel blockade to delay repolarization and increase AP duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the action of class IB Vaughn-Williams anti-arrythmia drugs?

A

intermediate sodium channel blockade so accelerate reploarization and decrease the action potential duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the action of class IC Vaughn-Williams anti-arrythmia drugs?

A

slow sodium channel blockade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the action of class II Vaughn-Williams anti-arrythmia drugs?

A

B-adrenergic receptor antagonism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the action of class III Vaughn-Williams anti-arrythmia drugs?

A

prolong refractriness by potassium channel blockade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the action of class IV Vaughn-Williams anti-arrythmia drugs?

A

calcium channel blockade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the Vaughn-WIlliams class IA drugs for arrythmias?

A

Quinidine. Procainamide, dispyramide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the Vaughn-WIlliams class IB drugs for arrythmias?

A

Lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the Vaughn-WIlliams class IC drugs for arrythmias?

A

Flecainide, propafenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the Vaughn-WIlliams class II drugs for arrythmias?

A

Atenolol, bisoprolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the Vaughn-WIlliams class III drugs for arrythmias?

A

Amiodarone, bretylium, sotalol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the Vaughn-WIlliams class IV drugs for arrythmias?

A

Diltiazem, verapamil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are class Ia anti-arrhythmia drugs used for?

A

atrial fibrillation, premature atrial contractions, premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are class Ib anti-arrhythmia drugs used to treat?

A

ventricular dysrhythmias only (premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are class Ic anti-arrhythmia drugs used to treat?

A

severe ventricular dysrythmias

atrial fibrillation/flutter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are class II antiarrhythmic drugs used to treat?

A

first line for atrial fibrillation (bisoprolol)

general myocardial depressants for supraventricular and ventricular dysrythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are class III antiarrythmia drugs used to treat?

A

dysrhythmias that are difficult to treat:
Life-threatening ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, atrial fibrillation or flutter—resistant to other drugs
Sustained ventricular tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are class IV anitarrhythmia drugs used to treat?

A

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

rate control for atrial fibrillation and flutter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what ais the action of digoxin?

A

inhibits sodium -potassium pump so is a positive ionotrope

23
Q

what is digoxin used to treat?

A

heart failure

atrial dysrythmias

24
Q

what mjust be monitored when a patient is on digoxin?

A

potassium levels
drug levels
toxicity

25
Q

what are the side effects of digoxin (digocin toxicity)?

A

nausea and vomiting
xanthopsia-yellow haze round objects
tachycardia
arrhythmias: VT and VF

26
Q

what is the treatment of digoxin toxicity?

A

stop digoxin

has long half life though and at high levels has a risk of significant arrythmias so use digibind to inactivate.

27
Q

when is digoxin toxicity more serious?

A

when potassium levels are low

28
Q

what is the classic scenario where digoxin poisoning occurs?

A

elderly on drug for rate control and had impaired renal function so levels of drug build

29
Q

what is amiodarone used for?

A

ventricular tachycardia

occasionally in supreventricular tachycardia

30
Q

what are the side effects of amiodarone?

A 
Thyroid (hypo or hyperthyroidism)
Pulmonary fibrosis
Slate – grey pigmentation
Corneal deposits
LFT abnormalities
31
Q

what does amiodarone interact with?

A

many drugs, including digoxin

32
Q

what is the action of adenosine?

A

slows conduction through AV node

33
Q

what is adenosine used to treat?

A

paroxysmal supraventricular tachy cardia, converts it to sinus rhythm

34
Q

how is adenosise administered?

A

IV push

35
Q

what are the side effects of adenosine?

A

asystole for a few seconds

36
Q

which drugs are used to treat sinus tachycardia?

A

class II and IV

37
Q

which drugs are used to treat atrial fibrillation/flutter?

A 
class Ia, Ic, II, III, IV, digoxin
anticoagulation
38
Q

which drugs are used to treat paroxysmal supreventricular tachycardia?

A

class Ia, Ic, II, III, IV, adenosine

39
Q

which drugs are used to treat AV block?

A

atropine

40
Q

which drugs are used to treat ventricular tachycardia?

A

class I, II, III

41
Q

which drugs are used to treat premature ventricular complexes?

A 
class II, IV, magnesium sulfate
can be benign and not drugs not required
42
Q

what are the drugs used to treat digitalis toxicity?

A

class Ib
magnesium sulfate
digibind

43
Q

what are the indications for anticoagulation?

A

atrial fibrillation
DVT/PE
after surgery
immobilisation- prophylaxis is those at high risk of DVT

44
Q

which anticoagulants are given in AF patients?

A 
warfarin
direct oral anticoagulants
-Dabigatran
-Rivaroxaban
-Apixaban
-(Edoxaban)
45
Q

what conditions are arterial thrombi associated with?

A

MI. strokes, ischaemia

46
Q

what are conditions are venous thrombi associated with?

A

congestive heart failure, cancer, surgery

47
Q

which drugs interact with warfarin, incvreasing warfarin activity?

A

aspirin, sulfonamides
cimetidine, disulfiram
oral antibiotics

48
Q

which drugs interact with warfarin, promoting bleeding?

A

aspirin

heparin and antimetabolites

49
Q

which drugs interact with warfarin, decreasing warfarin’s activity?

A

barbiturates
phenytoin
vitamin K
cholestyramine

50
Q

how is warfarin therapy monitored?

A

international normalised ratio (INR)- the number of times longer blood takes to clot when on warfarin. Should be 2.5-4.0

51
Q

what are the adverese affects of warfarin?

A 
bleeding
teratogenic (so avoid 1st and 3rd trimester
causes retro placental and fetal intracerebral bleeding
52
Q

what are the CHADS2 score?

A 
used for warfarin bleeding risk:
congestive heart failure 1
hypertsension                 1
age >/= 75 years             1
diabetes mellitis              1
stroke or TIA                    2
53
Q

what are the characterstics for an ideal anticoagulant?

A 
oral
no need for monitoring
no interaction with food or drugs
given once or twice a day/fixed dose irrespective of body weight/age
as affective as warfarin
safer than warfarin

Cardiovascular system (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions